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PA2203-Patho > Fluid Regulation > Flashcards

Fluid Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

ICF:ECF

A

2:1

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2
Q

Avg water recomendation a day

A

2.2L/day

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3
Q

Hypertonic vs hypotonic solution

A

hyper- higher solute outside cell

hypo- higher solute inside cell

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4
Q

Pressurees that regulate filtration

A

Blood hydrostatic pressure- force of fluid against wall

Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure- Tissue pros in intertitial fluid

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5
Q

Pressures that regulation reabsorbtion

A

Blood colloid osmotic pressure- large pros in blood

Intertitial fluid hydrostatic pressure- fluid against capillary wall

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6
Q

Net filration at atrial end vs venous end

A

atrial- BHP> BCOP

Venous- BCOP> BHP

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7
Q

it terms of filtration and reabsorbtion when will there be swelling

A

Filtration> reabsorbtion

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8
Q

What is mild, severe dehydration

A

Mild- water loss <10%
Mod- Water loss >10%

(death occurs @ loss of 15-25%)

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9
Q

What 2 things increase blood volume

A

Angiotension 2, ADH

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10
Q

How does Angiotension II work

A

Stims vasocontriction (increase BP), HR, aldersterone release (causing reabsorbtion of Na = more blood volume)

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11
Q

What does ADH do

A

limits urination

inserts water porins of renal collecting ducts

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12
Q

What does medial preoptic nuc cause

A

Activates thirst centers

decreased flow of saliva excites neurons, increased angiotension released

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13
Q

What does increased blood volume cause

A

Atria in heart streched

-Releases ANP which excretess NA and lower Blood volume

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14
Q

Types of hemaomas

A

Petechiae- 1-3mm
Purpura- 3-1cm
ecchymosis- >1cm

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15
Q

general steps of hemostasis

A
  1. Temp vasoconstriction
  2. Primary hemostatis (platelet plug)
  3. Secondary hemostasis (clot formation)
  4. clot retraction (scab)
  5. Clot dissolution
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16
Q

What are platlets made of and what are they pre filled w

A

Cell frags of megakaryocytes

  • Von Willebrant factor (for adherence)
  • Thromboxane ( for contraction)
  • Cytokines/chemokines
  • GFs
17
Q

What happens in temp vasocontraction/ what causes it

A

Mediated by contraction of smooth mm (thromboxine + seretonin)

(only lasts few mins)

18
Q

What happens in primary hemostasis

A
  • Platlets accumulate to form plug
  • Bound platlets release ADP which attract more platlets
  • Release PDGF which promotes endothelial prolif
  • platlets form bridges w eachother via fibrinogen
19
Q

What happens in secondary hemostasis (and what mediates it)

A
  • Meshwork of fibrin + other cellular components

- fibrin acts like gel like mesh that reinforces platelet plug (must be cross linked by factor 8)

20
Q

What is the extrincic and intrinsic path of secondary hemostasis (what activates eitehr)

A

Ext- by ext trauma. Tissue factor 3 enters blood to initiate

Int- Trauma inside blood vessel. Proteases initiate (slow)

Both need Factor X for fibrin prod.

21
Q

What happens in clot retraction and clot dissolution

A

retraction- clot filamints contract, bringing together + squeezing fluid out)

dissolution- plasmin digests fibrin strands

22
Q

What is thromboartopenia (s+s)

A

decreased platlet count

-Spontaneous hemotomas, nose bleeds, prolonged bleeding

23
Q

Hemophilia

A

Inabiluty to clot due to absent ot abrant coagulation factors

24
Q

what is thrombosis (+ embolus)

A

Thrombosis- clot that forms in blood vessels

embolus- a thrombus that breaks off and lodges in narrow vessel

25
Q

What is disseminted intravascular coagulopathy

A

Pathological process where platlets are actively causing thrombi to form in vessels/organs

26
Q

When does shock set in and 4 types

A

40% less blood

hypovometric- direct loss of blood

cardiogenic- cardiac mm lacks mechanical power to maintain BP \

Obstuctive- Interference of cardiac output by tructures surrounding heart

Septic- systematic inflamation in response to certain microbios

PA2203-Patho (7 decks)

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