Cell Injury

Question 1

Parenchyma vs stroma

Answer 1

Parenchyma- tissue cell that performs function duties

Stroma- supportive tissue of the organ

Question 2

What does the ECM consist of (3)

Answer 2

1. Fibrous structural pros
2. Water hydrated gels
3. Adhesive glycopros

Question 3

M/c form of cell injury

Answer 3

Hypoxia due to ishemia

Question 4

How does low ATP lead to cell injury

Answer 4

• Lack of O2 shifts to aneorobic metabolism (lower ATP)
• low ATP/PH decreases activity of many cellular enzymes
• Na/K activity slows and cell swells

Question 5

How does Mito damage lead to cell injury/ what causes it

Answer 5

–Physical stress, elevated ca, Oxidative damage

-leads to loss of membrane pot resulting in not being able to perform oxidative phosphorylation + low ATP trigger apoptosis

Question 6

How does Ca hemostasis affect cell injury

Answer 6

certain things (hypoxia, physical damage) result in increased cystolic Ca

-Increased Ca leads to activation of cellular enzymes + mito damage

Question 7

How does oxidative damage affect cell injury

Answer 7

Production of free rads associated w hypoxia,radiation, cehms

• radicals oxidize double bonds in membrane lipids leading to disassembly
• breaks mito DNA

Question 8

What is hydropic changes

Answer 8

increased intracellular watr

Question 9

What is steatosis

Answer 9

Intracellular accumulation of fat

Question 10

What is: hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia

Answer 10

Hyperplasia- Increase in cell #

Metaplasia- Change from mature cell type to another

Dysplasia- abnormal changes in cell shape/type

Question 11

irreversible cell injury characterized by : (4)

Answer 11

1. Large densities in mito
2. Profound membrane defects
3. Chromotin clumping/degredation
4. Nuclear shrinking/frags

Question 12

Necrosis: what happens, energy dependent?, can it be reversed

Answer 12

Cells that die accidentally due to external factors

• Not dependent on ATP
• Cells/organelles swell and chromatin frag/digeseted

CAN be stopped/reversed

Question 13

4 types of necrosis

Answer 13

1. Coaglative- gel like deposists
2. Liquafactive- complete dissolution into liqued
3. Caseous- caused by mycobac/fungal inf
4. Fat- necrotic fat tissues broen down

Question 14

Apoptosis- what happens, energy dependent?, can it be stoped

Answer 14

Programed cell death, one at a time

• requires ATP
• Cant be stopped/reversed

Question 15

2 pathways of apoptosis

Answer 15

1. Intrinsic

2. Extrinsic- kills it self due to trggers from other cells

Question 16

What happens in external path of apoptosis

Answer 16

Caspases trigger DNA being fragmented into 200BP frags

-cell ‘bleb’ and release small frags called apoptoic bodies and phagocytes come and clear them