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Physiology Unit 3 > Fluid Management and Filtration > Flashcards

Fluid Management and Filtration Flashcards

1
Q

What organ produces erythropoietin?

A

Kidneys

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2
Q

Why are renal failure patients anemic?

A

Kidneys produce erythrocytes

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3
Q

What percentage of the body is water?

A

45-75%

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4
Q

What percentage of water is found inside the cell?

A

66%

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5
Q

What percentage of water is found outside the cell?

A

33%

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6
Q

Where is 33% of water outside of the cell found?

A

Blood Plasma

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7
Q

Where is 66% of water outside of the cell found?

A

Interstitial Fluid

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8
Q

Proportion of the blood that is made of Red Blood Cells.

A

Hematocrit (45%)

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9
Q

Portion of the blood that is about 55% of blood volume.

A

Plasma (55%)

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10
Q

For the purposes of this exam, what is considered to be Extracellular Fluid?

A

Blood

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11
Q

What will ALWAYS result in lower extracellular fluid volume?

A

Volume Contraction

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12
Q

What will ALWAYS result in higher extracellular fluid volume?

A

Volume Expansion

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13
Q

What is osmolarity referring to? (Intra or Extracellular)

A

Extraceullar

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14
Q

Fluid loss through diarrhea tends to be what?

A

Isosmotic

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15
Q

Water deprivation will cause what kind of fluid shift?

A

Hyperosmotic Volume Contraction

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16
Q

Adrenal insufficiency, where aldosterone is not being released from the adrenal cortex. This causes sodium to not be reabsorbed as much and causes what kind of fluid shift?

A

Hypoosmotic Volume Contraction

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17
Q

Administering a patient Isotonic NaCl (Normal Saline) will cause what?

A

Isosmotic Volume Expansion

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18
Q

A high sodium diet will cause what kind of fluid shift?

A

Hyperosmotic Volume Expansion

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19
Q

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) causes excessive release of Antidiuretic Hormone to be released which causes more water to be reabsorbed in the collecting ducts. What kind of fluid shift will this cause?

A

Hypoosmotic Volume Expansion

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20
Q

List the pathway of blood flow through the kidney

A

Renal Arteries
Smaller Arteries
Afferent Arteriole
Glomerulus (capillary)
Efferent Arteriole
Nephron Perfusion

21
Q

List the pathway through the nephron.

A

Proximal Tubule
Thick Descending Limb
Thin Descending Limb
Thin Ascending Limb
Thick Ascending Limb
Distal Tubule
Collecting Duct

22
Q

Nephrons found in the Long Loop of Henle that are involved in the concentration of urine.

A

Juxtamedullary Nephrons

23
Q

Nephrons that are found in the Short Loop of Henle and account for most of the nephrons.

A

Cortical Nephrons

24
Q

What is the normal Glomerular Filtration Rate per day?

A

180 Liters

25
Q

How much urine is produced on average per day?

A

1 - 2 Liters

26
Q

Removal of large proteins and cells from blood and into the nephron tubule through the glomerulus.

A

Filtration

27
Q

Movement of substances from the tubule into the blood.

A

Reabsorption

28
Q

Movement of substances from the blood directly into the tubules.

29
Q

Movement of filtered blood (as urine) to the bladder and then out.

30
Q

Mechanoreceptor cells that sense blood pressure in the afferent arteriole.

A

Juxtaglomerular Cells

31
Q

What hormone is contained in the juxtaglomerular cells?

32
Q

What does renin ultimately do?

A

Increase blood pressure
(Increases sodium reabsorption)

33
Q

Cells that are sensitive to sodium ion concentration.

A

Macula Densa

34
Q

What will the outcome be if NaCl levels are high?

A

Decreased GFR

35
Q

What will the outcome be if NaCl levels are low?

A

Increase GFR

36
Q

If renal blood flow increases, what happens to glomerular filtration rate.

A

Increases GFR

37
Q

If renal blood flow decreases, what happens to Glomerular filtration rate?

A

Decreases GFR

38
Q

Increased sodium and chloride ions triggers that release of what from the macula densa?

39
Q

What does Adenosine cause?

A

Vasoconstriction
(lowering GFR and RBF)

40
Q

Prostaglandins cause what to happen as a protective factor?

A

Vasodilation
(afferent)

41
Q

Overuse of what will block prostaglandin production and make a patient susceptible to kidney injury?

42
Q

What types of molecules are filtered into the nephron tubule?

A

Small Molecules
Electrolytes

43
Q

What types of molecules are not filtered into the nephron tubule and remain in circulation?

A

Larger Proteins
Blood Cells

44
Q

Type of cell processes laid down by Bowman’s Capsule like “little feet” that from filtration slits.

45
Q

Small pores in the glomerulus capillaries.

46
Q

If protein levels are low in the glomerular capillary (low glomerular oncotic pressure) what is favored?

A

Filtration

47
Q

After filtration, the filtrate is subject to what three things?

A

Reabsorption
Secretion
Excretion

48
Q

If a medication is filtered at 100% but not reabsorbed, do we expect the drug to excreted at more or less than 100% of what was filtered?

Physiology Unit 3 (6 decks)

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