Adaptive Immunity and Hypersensitivity Flashcards
Why are B and T cells called lymph cells or lymphocytes?
They are contained in the lymph nodes.
Why do lymph nodes swell when someone has an infection?
Increased production of white blood cells which result in swelling.
What are the two antigen presenting cells of the innate immune system?
Macrophages
Dendritic Cells
Where are Macrophages and dendritic cells found inside the body.
Outside of lymph
Defined as anything that induces an immune response.
Antigens
Specific part of an antigen that the immune system recognizes.
Epitope
Where is Major Histocompatibility Complex 1 (MHC-1) found?
All Nucleated Cells
Where is MHC-2 found?
Antigen Presenting Cells
- Macrophages
- Dendritic Cells
- B Cells
What type of cell are MHC-2 molecules always associated with?
CD-4 “Helper” T-Cells
What type of cell activates B cells?
CD-4 helper T cells
What kind of cell does a B-Cell become when it is activated?
Plasma Cell
What do plasma cells produce?
Antibodies
What do some activated B-cells become that remain in the body in case the pathogen returns?
Memory Cells
What type of cells recognize MHC-1?
CD-8 (Cytotoxic) T cells
What do CD-8 cells do to the cell that activated them?
Destroy
When a CD-8 cytotoxic T-Cell recognizes something as foreign, it clones itself and circulates around the body. Some cells will become what to prepare for future invasions?
Memory T-Cells
What type of cells do Natural Killer Cells destroy?
Tumor or Cancer Cells
Virus infected Cells
What type of antibody is the most abundant and are the primary antibodies involved in an immune response to a virus or vaccine?
IgG
What type of antibody is able to cross the placenta and attack a developing fetus?
IgG
Which antibody attacks different ABO blood types but is too large to cross the placenta?
IgM
Which antibody is found in breast milk and is responsible for how immunity is given to a breastfeeding infant?
IgA
Which antibody is found on mast cells and is involved in allergies?
IgE
Which antibody is found on the surface of B cells and acts as an antigen receptor?
IgD
Immediate reaction also known as an “allergic reaction”
Type I Hypersensitivity
Why is a Type 1 Hypersensitivity faster than a Type 4?
Mediated by IgE
(Mast cells which are innate)
IgG becomes IgE
What is the only type of Hypersensitivity that doesn’t involve antibodies?
Type 4
(Cell Mediated - Delayed)
What are some examples of a Type 4 Hypersensitivity?
Contact Dermatitis
- Poison Ivy or Nickel Allergy
Multiple Sclerosis
- attacks myelin sheath (wrongly)
Type 1 Diabetes
- attacks pancreatic beta cells
What type of hypersensitive is considered to be Antibody-Mediated and tissue specific?
Type 2 Hypersensitvity
What antibodies are involved in a Type 2 Hypersensitivity?
IgG or IgM
(attack antigens on cell surfaces)
What are some example pathologies of Type 2 Hypersensitivities?
Rh Disease (IgG)
Graves Disease (IgG)
Myasthenia Gravis
What type of hypersensitivity is Immune Complex Mediated and has free floating antigens and antibodies?
Type 3 Hypersensitivity
What do we mean by Free-Floating antigen/antibody complex?
Antibodies are attacking things floating in the blood.
Why is it that Lupus and Rheumatoid Arthritis are NOT considered Type 2 Hypersensitivities even though we can somewhat predict which areas will be affected?
Complexes are formed in circulation and are later deposited at random which then damages blood vessels and tissues. We can predict where they are most likely to be deposited (Kidneys and Joints).
