Fluid Imbalance Flashcards
(47 cards)
Why is fluid balance important?
To maintain homeostasis (small window for normal balance of electrolytes and fluid
What organs of the body regulate fluids?
Kidneys, Heart, Lungs, Pituitary Gland, Adrenal Gland
What hormone does the pituitary gland secrete that affects fluid balance?
Antiduretic hormone, which causes the body to retain water
What hormone does the adrenal gland secrete that affects fluid balance?
Aldosterone hormone: causes sodium retention, thus water retention
What follows Na+?
H20, Cl-
Body fluids are intracellular and extraceullar. How many thirds is intracellular?
2/3
What 3 fluid compartments are considered to be extracellular?
- interstitial spaces
- intravascular
- fluid body spaces
What are the process that fluid can move? (5)
- Diffusion
- Osmosis
- Osmotic Pressure
- Colloid osmotic pressure
- Hydrostatic pressure
What does tonicity mean?
Measure of the osmotic pressure gradient (hypotonic vs. isotonic v.s hypertonic)
What is osmolarity of the following:
- Isotonic
- Hypotonic
- Hypertonic
- 250-375
2. 375
Fluid imbalance can be hypervolemia or hypovolemima. In both of these cases, are the electrolytes inbalance with the fluid?
Yes, Na+ and H20 in same concentration
Define hypervolemia
excess fluid volume
Define hypovolemia
fluid volume defecit
Is hypovolemia the same as being dehydrated? Why or why not?
No. Hypovolemia the fluid and electrolytes are both lost, where as dehydration there is an increase of electrolytes but a decrease of fluid
Define 3rd space shift:
Fluid moves into the transcellular spaces, difficult for the fluid to get in and even more difficult for the fluid to et out
What would be 3 symptoms of 3rd space shifting?
- Decrease urine output (d/t fluid accumulating in the transcelluar space)
- Decreasing BP
- Swelling in the area where the shift is
What are some of the transceullar spaces where fluid can get trapped in a 3rd space shift?
Pleural cavity, peritoneal cavity, pericardial sac, joint spaces
What is 3rd space shift to the peritoneal cavity called?
Ascites
Define effusions:
What can they contain?
transduction of fluid into serious cavities.
Effusions can contain pus, blood, plasma, proteins and or ECF
Who is at risk for developing fluid imbalance?
ALL AGES ACROSS THE LIFESPAN!
What factors can cause a fluid imbalance? (4)
- Vomitting
- Diahhrea
- Burns
- Diuretics
What Lab work would you assess for monitoring fluid balance? (6)
- Serum electrolytes: Na+, K+, Cl-
- BUN / Creatinine (kidney function tests)
- Serum Albumin
- Urine AND serum osmolality
- Hct
- Urine specific gravity
Why is serum albumin an important diagnostic testing? What condition would cause this to be lowered?
Albumin = most abundant protein in the blood, produced by the liver.
It plays a role in colloid osmotic pressure.
Person w/ liver failure is @ risk for not making enough albumin, therefore decreased colloid osmotic pressure, can lead to fluid shift.
What is the normal range for Hct? When would Hct elevate? When would it decrease?
0.4-5.2, elevate = fluid loss, decrease = fluid overload