Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nursing 232 Post Midterm > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Pharmacology flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

What is Diabetes Mellitus?

A

Insulin deficiency in the action or secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the gerontologic considerations?

A
  • Changes in carb metabolism
  • poor diet
  • decreased activity
  • decreased lean body mass
  • altered insulin secretion
  • increased fat tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the non modifiable risk factors for DM? (4)

A
  1. Age
  2. Ethnicity
  3. Familiar Hx
  4. Sex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is DM more common in men or women? What about post menaposaul?

A

Men, and then more prevalent in women post menapause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the modifiable risk factors? (5)

A
  1. Diet
  2. Activity
  3. Smoking
  4. HTN
  5. Inflmm / Hypercoagulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some diet changes that could be made?

A

Decrease lipids / sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The complications of DM can be Macro or Micro vascular.. define what each term means.

A

Macrovascular: affects large vessels, impeedes blood flow and perfusion
Microvascular: effects same vells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some examples of macrovascular complications of DM? (4)

A
  1. Stroke
  2. Heart disease / HTN
  3. Peripheral vascular disease
  4. Ulcers / amputation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some examples of microvascular complications? (3)

A
  1. Diabetic eye disease
  2. Renal disease (small vessels are affected in the kidney)
  3. Neuropathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The neuropathy problems lead to a ____deficit

A

Neurodeficit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which are more specific to the diabetic patient, macro or microvascular issues? What are they based on?

A

The microvascular: based on the basement membrane thinking (caused by the altered metabolism and deposition of glycolysated proteins on the endothelium –> impedes blood/oxygen flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does diabetes affect the cardiovascular system?

A

Vacular damage is caused by the altered metabolism and accumulation of lipid / protein metabolites in the blood.

  1. Glycolysated proteins deposit on the endothelium, imparing exchange
  2. Blood flow / perfusion impeded d/t platelet aggregation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why are limb amputations and ulcers common in the DM population?

A

Due to the neurodeficit, patients are unable to feel foot pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why does retinopathy occur in a patient with DM?

A

Hyperglycemia –> damaged tiny blood vessels that nourish the retina –> aneurysms/rupturing or occluding –> visual impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can a nurse do to help a patient with their retionapthy?

A

Encourage yearly eye exam and maintain blood glucose levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does the nephropathy occur to a patient with DM?

A

Prolonged damage to the kidneys (hyperglycemia –> exceeding renal threshhold…)

17
Q

What can a nurse do to help with a patients nephropathy? (3)

A
  1. Monitor hydration / kidney fx.
  2. Report if hourly ouptut less than 30 ml/ hr
  3. monitor BP
18
Q

What are a few of the other complications that can be caused by DM? (6)

A
  1. Skin infections
  2. Digestive problems (d/t altered metabolism)
  3. Thyroid problems
  4. Sexual dysfunction in men
  5. UTI / vaginal infections
  6. Carpal Tunnel syndrome
19
Q

What are the S/S of hyperglycemia? (7)

A
  1. BG >7 mmol/L
  2. Polyuria
  3. Polyphagia
  4. Polydipsia
  5. Glucosuria
  6. Wt loss
  7. Fatigue
20
Q

What are two ways that a diabetic can improve their helath after they have been properly identified as they are allowed to? (2)

A
  1. Exercise

2. Improve diet

21
Q

What are the diagnostic tests involved in Diagnosing DM (7)

A
  1. BG (normal =3.9-11 mmol/L)
  2. FBG
  3. GTT
  4. HbAIC
  5. Cholesterol
  6. Urine
  7. Ketones
22
Q

What is the pharmacological Therapy for DM?

A

Watch the vid!

23
Q

Why is education an important aspect of a patient living with DM?

A

Because the complications are serious and can be relatively avoided if the patient controls blood glucose levels properly

24
Q

BG self monitoring:

  1. What can this prevent?
  2. What is it dependant on?
  3. When do errors occur?
  4. What is important when teaching this?
A
  1. Hyper/hypoglycemia
  2. Skill level, cognitive ability, visual acuity, technology, comfort, cost
  3. Blood ammount too small, improper maintenance of machine, damaged monitor strips
  4. Evaluation: ensure the patient fully understands!
25
Q
  1. What is fasting blood glucose assessing?
  2. What is the normal Range?
  3. What is prediabetic?
  4. What is indicitive of being diabetic?
A
  1. Glucose after 10 hours of fasting
  2. 5-5.5
  3. 6.1-6.9
  4. 7
26
Q

The glucose tolerance test is looking at what? If it is above what it is considered to be diabetic?

A

Glucose levels after glucose solution administrated, looking to see what the body’s response is to the glucose and if it can return to normal levels after 2 hours. 11 mmol/l = diabetes

27
Q

A diabetic patient should know their targets:

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
A
  1. AIC =
28
Q

In order to manage DM, it is important that the patient is aware of managing ALL of the what?

A

Factors that can increase risk of complications

29
Q

Urine Testing:

  1. Pros:
  2. Cons
A
  1. Non invasive, inexpensive

2. not accurate, doesn’t detect hypoglycemia, some drugs can interfere with the results (ASA, Vit C, Abx)

30
Q

Why would ketones be present in the urine?

A

altered metabolism (lipids broken down for energy, byproduct is ketones)

31
Q

What do the accumulation of ketones in the blood put a patient at risk for?

A

Ketoacidosis

32
Q

In order to reach AIC/BP/ Cholestorl (lipid targets) people with DM require many meds

  1. To lower BG:
  2. To lower Cholesterol:
  3. To lower BP
  4. For general vascular Protection
A
  1. 1-3 pills (or inulin)
  2. 1 or 2 pills
  3. 2 or 3 pills
  4. aspirin
33
Q

What are the S/S of Hypoglycemia?

A
  • BG
34
Q

A patient with DM should be aiming to keep within the following ranges for..

  1. HbAIC
  2. BP
  3. Cholesterol / LDL
A

1.

Nursing 232 Post Midterm (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions