Fluid & Electrolytes

Question 1

Intravascular fluid

Answer 1

Fluid in the vessels

Question 2

Interstitial fluid

Answer 2

ECF fluid other than the blood/plasma

Question 3

Intracellular fluid

Answer 3

ICF fluid in the cell

Question 4

Osmolarity

Answer 4

Measure of solute concentration in a solution (plasma)

Normal 280-295 mOsm/kg

Question 5

Osmosis

Answer 5

Movement of H2O from low concentration to high concentration (no energy required)

Question 6

Osmotic Pressure

Answer 6

Pulling force

Pressure or force that is exerted by solute molecules

Question 7

Hydrostatic Pressure

Answer 7

The mechanical force of fluid against the wall of a compartment

BP arterial force

Question 8

Oncotic pressure

Answer 8

The force that helps pull fluid in a compartment with the help of plasma proteins (albumin)

Venous pressure

Question 9

Effective Arterial Blood Volume

Answer 9

Amount of blood in the arterial space needed to perfuse organs

Question 10

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 10

Secreted by the pituitary gland when BP is low, sodium high, or decreased H2O in body
to save H2O

Question 11

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS)

Answer 11

Low BP —> Renin (kidneys) —> Aldosterone

Save Na, water and excrete potassium

Question 12

BNP and ANP

Answer 12

HTN - heart and brain—> ANP/BNP —> kidneys to excrete Na and H2O —> decrease BP

Question 13

Tonicity

Answer 13

Concentration of solutes that do not cross the cell membrane (osmolarity)

Question 14

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 14

Blood pressure

Mechanical force of fluid against the walls of a compartment

Pushing force and pushes fluid outside the compartment

Found in the arteries for gas exchange

Question 15

Osmotic Pressure

Answer 15

The pressure that prevents free movement of molecules

Pulling force

High solutes concentration —> high pulling force (osmotic pressure)

Question 16

Hypertonic

Answer 16

High solute concentration used to pull fluid from the tissues

Ex: 3% NS —> pulls excess fluid from the tissues

Question 17

Hypotonic

Answer 17

Low solute concentration used to hydrate cells push fluid in

Question 18

Hypernatremia

Answer 18

High serum sodium —> causes water to leave neuron cells and shrink in size

Question 19

Hyponatremia

Answer 19

Low sodium level less than 135 will cause cellular swelling

Water goes from areas of low concentration to high concentration in neurons

Why we start NS in Neuron patients to prevent intracellular swelling and edema and increased ICP