Acid Base Balance Flashcards
Carbonic Acid H2CO3
byproduct of aerobic metabolism
Lactic acid
Byproduct of anaerobic metabolism of glucose
Sulfuric acid
Results from the oxidation of sulfur containing amino acids
Phosphoric acid
Results from the metabolism of phosphoproteins and ribonucleotides which are used as energy.
Ketone bodies
Acid from the breakdown of fats for energy
Bicarbonate (HCO3)
HCO3/CO2 buffer is the most important extracellular buffer, it is the first line of defense against alterations in pH
Phosphates
Inorganic EC buffer
Organic IC buffers: ATP, ADP, AMP, glucose 1-phosphate, and 2,3 diphosglycerate
(2,3 DPG)
Plasma Proteins
Albumin -
negative charge
Extracellular buffer of H+ ions
Binds to calcium and H+ ions
Hypoalbuminemia can cause hypercalcemia in acidotic states
Hbg hemoglobin
Drops off O2 into the tissues -CO2 diffuses into the RBC–> CO2 and H2O (carbonic anhydrase) —> H2CO3 —> H+ and HCO3 —>CO2 and H2O (in the lungs)
Role of the kidneys
Reabsorb HCO3- (decreases pH)
Excrete H+ and Ammonium NH4+ (increases pH)
Increased extracellular fluid and bicarb
Decrease in HCO3 reabsorption
Decrease in extracellular fluid (BP)
Increase in HCO3
Activation of RAAS —> save sodium, water, excrete K and H (increased action of Na-H exchanger)
—> Metabolic Alkalosis (pt is probably dehydrated, give fluids)
Phosphate buffer system
Phosphate present in the lumen of the distal tubule and collecting ducts
Bind with H+ to create dihydrogen phosphate and gets excreted into the urine.
Ammonium Buffer
Ammonia NH3 binds with H+ in the lumen of the proximal tubule creates ammonium NH4 and is excreted into the urine.
NH4 reabsorption with acidosis (increases pH) NH4 has a positive charge
