Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances Flashcards
Manifestation of hypovolemia (VS, NeuroMusco, GI, Renal, Other)?
VS: Hypothermia, tachycardia, thready pulse, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, tachypnea, hypoxia
NeuroMusco: Dizziness, syncope, confusion, weakness, fatigue, seizures
GI: Thirst, dry mucous membranes, dry tongue, nausea, vomiting
Renal: Oliguria (decreased production of urine)
Other: Decreased capillary refill, cool clammy skin, flattened neck veins, decreased skin tugor
Treatment of Hypovolemia?
Oral and/or IV rehydration, track I/O
Manifestation of hypervolemia (VS, NeuroMusco, GI, respiratory, Other)?
VS: Tachycardia, bounding pulse, hypertension, tachypnea
NeuroMusco: Confusion, muscle weakness, seizures
GI: Increased motility, ascites
Respiratory: Dyspnea, orthopnea, crackles
Other: Pitting edema, distended neck veins, weight gain, skin pallor and cool to touch
Treatment of Hypervolemia?
Fluid and sodium restrictions, I/O, diuretics
Lab values associated with dehydration?
Increased protein, electrolytes, and glucose
Manifestation of hyponatremia (VS, NeuroMusco, GI)?
VS: Hypothermia, tachycardia, rapid thready pulse, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension
NeuroMusco: Headache, confusion, lethargy, muscle weakness, seizures, coma
GI: Increased motility, hyperactive bowel sounds, abdominal cramping, anorexia, nausea, vomiting
Treatment of hyponatremia?
Monitor I/O, encourage foods high in Na, monitor VS
Manifestation of hypernatremia (VS, NeuroMusco, GI, other)?
VS: Hyperthermia, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension
NeuroMusco: Restlessness, fatigue, disorientation, irritability, muscle twitching, muscle weakness,
GI: Thirst, dry sticky mucous membrane, beefy red tongue
Other: Edema, warm flushed skin
Treatment of hypernatremia?
Low sodium diet, monitor I/O,
Manifestation of hypokalemia (VS, NeuroMusco, ECG, other)?
VS: Weak, irregular pulse, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, respiratory distress
NeuroMusco: Ascending bilateral muscle weakness, muscle cramping, decreased muscle tone, mental confusion
ECG: Bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, PVC
Other: Anxiety
Treatment of hypokalemia ?
Replace potassium in body with diet, oral, or IV
Should you ever IV bolus potassium
No, high risk of cardiac arrest
Manifestation of Hyperkalemia (VS, NeuroMusco, GI)?
VS: Slow, irregular pulse; hypotension
NeuroMusco: Irritability, confusion, weakness, paresthesias
GI: Increased motility, diarrhea, abdominal cramp, hyperactive bowel sound
Treatment of Hyperkalemia ?
Decrease K+ intake, ECG monitor
