Fluid Electrolyte Imbalance

Question 1

fluid is made up of

Answer 1

water and electrolytes

Question 2

dehydration is a dec in what fluids?

Answer 2

a dec in interstitial and intravascular fluids

Question 3

dehydration causes

Answer 3

some, lookup table 31.4

• inadequate fluid intake (not often in clinical setting)
• if fluid accumulates within 3rd spaces eg joints
• fluid loss through \gi, renal or very high fluid loss through skin thats excessive

Question 4

are dehydration and edema manifestations or diseases

Answer 4

mnfts

Question 5

edema=

Answer 5

high inc in fluid volume (coming from vascular space)

Question 6

edema where would lead to death

Answer 6

lungs and brain (probably elsewhere too)

Question 7

causes of edema chart 31.1

Answer 7

lookup more?

• inc capillary HP eg pt with HTN
• dec colloid OP eg liver disease-not making proteins=deficiency or renal loss of proteins
• inc cap permeability
• obstructed lymph flow

Question 8

3rd spacing=

Answer 8

fluid accumulation in transcellular spce where fluid is not readily exchngeable

Question 9

eg of 3rd spacing

Answer 9

in joints (synovial fluid)
pleural membranes
body cavities (areas where there is no fluid exchange)

Question 10

where is potassium more conc?

NA+?

Answer 10

ICF

sodium in ECF

Question 11

sodium and water balance and how this is achieved

Answer 11

Na is more conc in ECF. it can enter cell by diffusion and water would follow but the sodium potassium pump addresses this by pumping out 3Na+ for each 2 K.

Question 12

what percentage of body weight is intracellular water vs extracellular

Answer 12

intra=40% body weight
extra =20% body weight
        (interstitial=14%
        plasma=5%
         transcellular=1%)

Question 13

elecrolytes

Answer 13

balance between the intracellular and extracellular environment. maintenance of precise osmotic gradients of electrolytes is important. Such gradients affect and regulate the hydration of the body as well as blood pH, and are critical for nerve and muscle function. Various mechanisms exist in living species that keep the concentrations of different electrolytes under tight control.
ca, na, k all imp for muscle contraction

Question 14

is this imp? maybe not? 4 forces that control the movement of water between the capillary and interstitial spces

Answer 14

1. cap filtration
2. cap colloidal osmotic P (pulls)
3. interstitial hydrostatic P (opposes movement of water out of the capillary)
4. tissue colloidal osmotic P (pulls water out of cap into interstitial spaces

Question 15

capillary fluid exchange=

what det it?

Answer 15

the direction and amount of fluid that flows across the cap walls det by:
1-hydrostatic P of the two comparmets. push. net outward movement from cap
2. colloidal osmotic Ppull from particles eg plasma proteins. largely responsible for movement of fluid back into cap
3. lymph drainage-excess fluids in interstitium are picked up by lymph. if not would cause excess accum

Question 16

what electrolytes re in the ECF and ICF

Answer 16

ICF:

K+
P04(3)-
MG(2)+

ECF:

NA+
CL-
HCO(3)-

Question 17

what causes fluid shift between ECF ad ICF

Answer 17

changes in osmolarity bet them

Question 18

what causes fluid shift from ECF and interstitial

Answer 18

changes in CHP and OP