Fluid Balance And Blood Products Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Fluid balance =

A

Intake-outtake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Total body weight=

A

Body weight x 0.6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is fundamental for homeostasis?

A

The movement of solutes to help move water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Osmosis causes …

A

Water to shift, aiming for equal solute concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do plasma proteins (albumin, fibrigin,globulins) produce?

A

Oncotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

During inflammation …

A

Proteins leak out due to blood vessel

changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The arterial end of the capillary has …

A

High hydrostatic pressure and low oncotic pressure

Fluid leaves the capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The venous end of the capillary has …

A

Low hydrostatic pressure and high oncotic pressure

Waste products enter the capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The biochemical signs of dehydration:

A

Raised urea and normal createnin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The biochemical signs of AKI:

A

Raised urea and raised createnin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the ranges of mean arterial pressure (MAP)

A

Normal = 70-110mmHg

Poor perfusion =

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =

A

Cardiac output (CO) x systolic vascular resistance (SVR) + central venous pressure (CVP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the normal value for central venous pressure?

A

3-8 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What must be considered for pts who are NBM?

A

Does the pt require fluids as they can become dehydrated very quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the problems with pts who have oedemas?

A

Increased capillary permeability can lead to sepsis and cellulitis
Increased venous pressure can lead to heart failure
Decreased oncotic pressure and albumin can lead to liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the symptoms of pulmonary oedema?

A
Crackling noise
Decreased SpO2
Increased respiratory rate
Shortness of breath
Pink frowfy sputum
17
Q

What is the treatment for pulmonary oedema?

A

Respiratory assessment Supplementary O2
Change of position
Supportive cough
Diuretics

18
Q

Covert compensated =

A

Reduced intravascular volume

19
Q

Overt compensated =

A

Tachy and wide pulse pressure

20
Q

Decompensated =

A

Shock

21
Q

How to manage pts with fluid deficits?

A

Treat cause
Provide fluids - best route, type of fluid, quantity, how quickly
Crystalloid fluids (solutes of lower molecular weight)
Colloid fluids (large molecules which are artificial)
Fluid challenge

22
Q

What are the risks of IV therapy?

A
Infection
Sepsis
Pain
Bruising
Site tissuing
Air embolus leading to a PE
Fluid going into the tissue instead of the blood vessel
Fluids being given too fast
23
Q

What are some examples of Crystalloid fluids?

A

0.9% Nacl
Hartmanns
5% dextrose

24
Q

What are some examples of colloid fluids?

A

Frozen plasma
Blood
Albumin

25
Q

Why do pts require red blood cell transfusions?

A

Blood loss and to enhance O2 carrying capacity of blood

26
Q

Why do pts with AKI become anaemic?

A

Due to a decrease in decreased erythropoietin

27
Q

The life span of blood is …

A

35 days

28
Q

What is important to remember for women of child bearing age?

A

The blood needs to be cross matched, be Rhesus matched and be Kell-

29
Q

Who is the universal donor and universal recipient for red blood transfusion?

A

Universal donor = O

Universal recipient = AB

30
Q

Who is the universal donor and universal recipient for blood plasma transfusion?

A

Universal donor = AB

Universal recipient = O

31
Q

What are the adverse effects of a blood transfusion?

A

Acute haemolysis due to mismatch
Anaphylaxis due to preservatives in blood
Transfusion associated lung injury (breathless, SOB - can happen hrs after, immediate CXR required)
Urticaria

32
Q

What to look for if a pt is having a reaction to a blood transfusion?

A
Itch and rash
Broncho spasm
Compromised circulation
Fever/chills
Back pain
Brown urine
Sudden anxiety
33
Q

What is the life span of platelets?

A

5-7 days

34
Q

How long does it take to transfuse platelets?

A

30 minutes

35
Q

Why would a pt require a platelet transfusion?

A

For enhancement of coagulation of blood

36
Q

Why would a pt require a fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion?

A

For replacement of coagulation factors

37
Q

How long does it take to transfuse fresh frozen plasma (FFP)?

A

30 minutes

38
Q

What is important to remember about a fresh frozen plasma transfusion?

A

Pts can have drastic reactions