Common Respiratory Diseases And Interventions Flashcards
What are the causes of type 1 respiratory failure?
Pneumonia
Asthma
Some lung Ca
What are the characteristics of type 2 respiratory failure?
Hypercapnia
PaCO2 >6 - CO2 problem
PaP2 normal or low
Need slower, deeper breathing
What is the cause of type 2 respiratory failure?
COPD
What are the normal respiratory changes due to age!
Harder to cope with additional strain
Reserves are less
Chest wall less elastic and less muscle strength
O2 less
What are the common interventions for respiratory diseases?
Reassurance and explanation as anxiety can make it worse
What is a chest infection?
Inflammation in the upper or lower airways
Need to know if it is hospital or community aquired
What causes a chest infection?
Upper airway = caused by virus
Lower airway = caused by bacterium
What is pneumonia?
Lungs filled with stuff
What is asthma?
Narrowing or airway leading to broncho spasm
Problem air trapping so pt can’t exhale
Triggered by allergies
What is COPD?
Different elements with the symptoms dependent on elements
Causes increased work of breathing
Acute exacerbation can lead to the pt getting pneumonia quickly and easily
Raised CO2 causes the brain not to respond, causing it to rely on low level O2 to make the pt breath
What is alelectasis?
Common for post op pt and elderly pt
Collapsed alveoli at the base of the lung that need to be reopened
Can lead to T1RF
How do you treat a pt with alelectasis?
Position and physio
Huff and cough are ways to reopen alveoli
Incentive spirometry = positive reinforcement to open alveoli
What is pneumothorax?
Air in the pleural space leading to a collapsed lung
What are the causes of pneumothorax?
Thoraxic trauma = puncturing of the pleural cavity
Tension pneumothorax = popped lung leading to a collapsed lung
Can happen spontaneously
What is the treatment for pneumothorax?
Chest drain