Fluid and electrolytes

Question 1

rule of thumb with timing of refrigeration and blood for blood transfusions

Answer 1

blood should be infused within 4 hours of refrigeration
Blood should run slowly at first (no faster than 5 mL/min for the first 15 min); if no reaction, regulate blood to the prescribed rate

Question 2

how to treat a deep partial thickness burn injury of the back?

Answer 2

gently clean away debris and dirt and then leave the area alone (blisters form a protective cover, so leave intact WITHOUT applying a sterile gauze

Question 3

what is Pitressin

Answer 3

a man made form of ADH

Question 4

normal reading of central venous pressure (CVP)

Answer 4

ranges from 2-8 mmHg; CVP greater than 9 indicates fluid volume overload

Question 5

early symptoms of fluid volume overload

Answer 5

edema, increased bounding pulse, elevated BP, dyspnea, crackles

Question 6

what gauge needle should you use for IVs in older PTs?

Answer 6

use the smallest gauge possible (24 and 26)

Question 7

what is the best angle to administer an IV catheter in older PTs

Answer 7

d/t superficial veins of older adults, angle insertion at 5-15 degrees

Question 8

what is the most frequent underlying cause of tetany

Answer 8

hypocalcemia

Question 9

what is tetany

Answer 9

a condition w/ convulsions, cramps, muscle twitching, sharp flexion of ankle and wrist joints, possible respiratory stridor

Question 10

normal range for total serum calcium

Answer 10

8.5-10mg/dL

Question 11

What’s the recommended nutrition for thermal injured PTs?

Answer 11

should consume large amts of fluid, electrolytes, and protein
-incr protein by 2 to 4 times normal; incr calorie intake by 3 to 5 times normal up to 10,000 kilocal

Question 12

magnesium sulfate

Answer 12

an anticonvulsant when given intravenously; side effects: weak or absent deep tendon reflexes, hyptension, respiratory paralysis, depressed cardiac function, hypocalcemia

Question 13

Addison’s disease

Answer 13

an adrenal disorder stemming from hyposecretion of hormones from the adrenal gland; symptoms include fatigue, weakness, dehydration, emaciation, weight loss, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, hypotension (while not caused by fluid volume deficit, these symptoms are reflective of it)

Question 14

normal range of specific gravity is

Answer 14

1.010 - 1.030

Question 15

specific gravity measures

Answer 15

kidney’s ability to concentrate urine

Question 16

intake and output should be within ___ to ___mL of each other

Answer 16

200-300mL

Question 17

what signs and symptoms are indicative of a hemolytic transfusion reaction?

Answer 17

kidney pain, hematuria, cyanosis

Question 18

what steps must happen prior to giving blood

Answer 18

two RNs must check the HCP’s order, client’s ID, hospital ID band and number, blood component tag and number, blood type and Rh, and the exp date

Question 19

describe partial thickness

Answer 19

red in color, moderate edema present, painful, blisters present, no eschar