Endocrine system Flashcards
addison’s disease causes an increase in the melanocyte-stimulating hormone….how does this manifest in PTs?
some PTs will have abnormally dark and pigmented skin
indications of Addison’s disease (adrenal insufficiency) include:
fatigue, weakness, dehydration, decreased resistance to stress, alopecia (hair loss), and abnormally dark and pigmented skin
what is levothyroxine sodium (synthroid)
synthroid is a thyroid hormone that increases metabolic processes in the body, including glomerular filtration, therby increasing UO; edema will decrease as water is excreted through the kidneys
normal glucose level
60-110mg/DL
what is a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
the surgical removal of the hypophysis (pituitary gland). It is most commonly performed to treat tumors, especially craniopharyngioma tumors. Sometimes it is used to treat Cushing’s syndrome due to pituitary adenoma.
What are complications of a thyroidectomy (removal of thyroid gland)
hemorrhage, respiratory distress, tetany caused by parathyroid injury, damage to laryngeal nerves
why do we administer strong iodine solution to PTs BEFORE they undergo total thyroidectomy surgery?
decreases release of thyroid hormones, decreases basal metabolic rate, reduces vascularity and size of thyroid which reduces chance of postop hemorrhage
-iodine solution is given 10-14 days before surgery
causes of addison’s disease
- damage to adrenal cortex: Adr gland tumors, Adr gland TB, Adr gland infection, Adr gland hemorrhage
- Pituitary gland dysfunction (decr ACTH)
- Abrupt Corticosteroid withdrawal
Addison’s disease
hypofunction of the adrenal cortex
functions of adrenal cortex
secretes gluco- and mineralocorticoids, and androgens
nutrition recommendations for PT with Cushing’s disease
high protein, high potassium, low sodium, low calorie, and low carb
primary glucocorticoid
cortisol (steroid)
primary role of glucocorticoids
provide rapid energy from conversion of protein and fat into glucose; they are also anti-inflammatory agents
what is Cephulac
a laxative that promotes excretion of ammonia (used with PTs who have hepatic encephalopathy)
hepatic encephalopathy
a brain dysfunction and damage caused by increased ammonia in the blood, resulting from severe liver disease
How to reduce serum ammonia?
Eliminate dietary protein and administer antibiotics.
Cephulac (laxative) can also promote excretion of ammonia in stools.
gastrectomy
surgical excision of all or (more commonly) part of the stomach for treatment of an ulcer or removal of a malignancy
cholecystitis
inflammation of gallbladder
Laennec’s cirrhosis
liver disease caused by alcohol
postnecrotic cirrhosis
liver diseased caused by viral infections or toxins
biliary cirrhosis
liver disease caused by bile stasis or obstruction
what’s the most common symptom for a PT with a duodenal ulcer
epigastric pain
senstaken-blakemore tube
3-lumen nasoenteric tube used to treat bleeding esophageal varices by applying pressure to sites of bleeding
what is Isosorbide
a nitrate vasodilator (used to treat and prevent angina)
Sublingual is for treatment; PO is for prevention
