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Module 2 > Fluid And Electrolyte Meds > Flashcards

Fluid And Electrolyte Meds Flashcards

1
Q

Demeclocycline

A

Blocks the effect of ADH resulting in more dilute urine

SIADH treatment

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2
Q

Digoxin

A

Becareful using diuretics with digoxin if pt gets hypokalemic they will get digoxin toxicity

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3
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Notorious for retaining sodium and water
Increases aldosterone which excretes potassium
Raises blood sugar
Contributes to bone loss
So be careful with diabetic pt
Or if a pt becomes hypokalemic or hypernatremia or hypocalcemia

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4
Q

Insulin

A

With someone who is having extreme hyperkalemia we can give insulin with dextrose so the potassium can get pulled into the cell
But too much can cause hypokalemia

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5
Q

Mannitol

A

Excrete water but not sodium it is a osmotic diuretic used for hypervolemic (hyponatremia)

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6
Q

Kidneys and aldosterone

A

Are the primary for balancing sodium and potassium

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7
Q

What is the number 1 cause of hyperkalemia?

A

Renal failure

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8
Q

Furosemide

A

Drains out a lot of the electrolytes but keep watch for potassium especially

Anytime you have hypokalemia- hold this diuretic

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9
Q

What will hypokalemia cause when it comes to acid base?

A

Alkalosis metabolic

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10
Q

What is severe hypokalemia values?

A

< or equal to 2.5

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11
Q

What does severe hyponatremia value look like?

A

< 120

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12
Q

Highlighted severe symptoms of hypokalemia ?

A

Cardiovascular :tornadoes de pointes
Bradycardia

Neuromuscular
Muscle weakness

GI
Constipation

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13
Q

What should you check with hypokalemia?

A

Mg+
If mg is low correct it first to correct K+

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14
Q

What kind of drugs should you be concerned about?

A

Drugs that prolong qt interval

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15
Q

Spironolactone

A

Diuretic that effect but do not lose potassium

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16
Q

Ace inhibitors

A

End in -pril
They hold on to potassium so can increase potassium so they can cause hyperkalemia

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17
Q

What is acidosis metabolic associated with

A

Hyperkalemia

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18
Q

What are the clinical values of severe and lethal for hyperkalemia?

A

Severe >6.5
Lethal >8.5

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19
Q

Sodium polystyrene (Kayexalate)

A

Will cause explosive diarrhea to help get rid of potassium for hyperkalemia

20
Q

Severe critical value for hyperkalemia

A

> 6.5

21
Q

What insulin can be given iv?

A

Rapid acting insulin

22
Q

NaHCO3

A

k+ shifts into the cell and raises PH

23
Q

When giving ca+ gluconate 10%for severe hyperkalemia what is important to remember?

A

If bradycardia develops we must stop the infusion so pay attention to HR and BP

24
Q

What medications contribute to bone loss

A

Diuretics
Laxatives
Corticosteroids

25
Q

What should you check with hypokalemia

A

Mg because it exacerbates k losses. Correct mg first to correct k

26
Q

Kidney stones, painful bones, Moana’s from constipation, nausea and vomiting

A

Pt presentation hypercalcemia

27
Q

Major anion of ecf

A

Chloride

28
Q

Major cation of ecf

A

Sodium

29
Q

Most abundant in icf

A

Potassium

30
Q

Major cation in the body

A

Calcium

31
Q

Chloride likes

A

Sodium
If Na loss = cl loss

32
Q

What drugs hold on to K+

A

Ace inhibitors
Spironolactone
ARBs

33
Q

NSAIDS

A

Decrease renal perfusion

34
Q

If a pt can’t tolerate an ace inhibitor

A

We go to the arbs

35
Q

Laxatives

A

Pay attention f pt has renal failure. Mg

36
Q

What medications should you avoid with renal failure?

A

Ace inhibitors
Spiroolactone
ARBS
NSAIDS

37
Q

Who does phosphorous have an inverse relationship with?

A

Calcium and magnesium

38
Q

When phosphorous increases what signs and symptoms and interventions does it mimic with?

A

Hypocalcemia

39
Q

Who does chloride like?

A

Sodium ; if Na loss = Cl loss

40
Q

What should you not give on an empty stomach?

A

Potassium

41
Q

If a healthcare provider sends pt home with a diuretic what else do you send home with them?

A

Potassium

42
Q

Kayexalates

A

Given to help someone with hyperkalemia that will cause explosive diarrhea but to try to get rid of the excess potassium

43
Q

What are some ways to check our volume?

A

Daily weights
I&o
Blood pressure

44
Q

Hyperkalemia severe

A

> 6.5

45
Q

Hyperkalemia lethal

A

> 8.5

Module 2 (8 decks)

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