Fluid And Electrolyte Meds

Question 1

Demeclocycline

Answer 1

Blocks the effect of ADH resulting in more dilute urine

SIADH treatment

Question 2

Digoxin

Answer 2

Becareful using diuretics with digoxin if pt gets hypokalemic they will get digoxin toxicity

Question 3

Corticosteroids

Answer 3

Notorious for retaining sodium and water
Increases aldosterone which excretes potassium
Raises blood sugar
Contributes to bone loss
So be careful with diabetic pt
Or if a pt becomes hypokalemic or hypernatremia or hypocalcemia

Question 4

Insulin

Answer 4

With someone who is having extreme hyperkalemia we can give insulin with dextrose so the potassium can get pulled into the cell
But too much can cause hypokalemia

Question 5

Mannitol

Answer 5

Excrete water but not sodium it is a osmotic diuretic used for hypervolemic (hyponatremia)

Question 6

Kidneys and aldosterone

Answer 6

Are the primary for balancing sodium and potassium

Question 7

What is the number 1 cause of hyperkalemia?

Answer 7

Renal failure

Question 8

Furosemide

Answer 8

Drains out a lot of the electrolytes but keep watch for potassium especially

Anytime you have hypokalemia- hold this diuretic

Question 9

What will hypokalemia cause when it comes to acid base?

Answer 9

Alkalosis metabolic

Question 10

What is severe hypokalemia values?

Answer 10

< or equal to 2.5

Question 11

What does severe hyponatremia value look like?

Answer 11

< 120

Question 12

Highlighted severe symptoms of hypokalemia ?

Answer 12

Cardiovascular :tornadoes de pointes
Bradycardia

Neuromuscular
Muscle weakness

GI
Constipation

Question 13

What should you check with hypokalemia?

Answer 13

Mg+
If mg is low correct it first to correct K+

Question 14

What kind of drugs should you be concerned about?

Answer 14

Drugs that prolong qt interval

Question 15

Spironolactone

Answer 15

Diuretic that effect but do not lose potassium

Question 16

Ace inhibitors

Answer 16

End in -pril
They hold on to potassium so can increase potassium so they can cause hyperkalemia

Question 17

What is acidosis metabolic associated with

Answer 17

Hyperkalemia

Question 18

What are the clinical values of severe and lethal for hyperkalemia?

Answer 18

Severe >6.5
Lethal >8.5

Question 19

Sodium polystyrene (Kayexalate)

Answer 19

Will cause explosive diarrhea to help get rid of potassium for hyperkalemia

Question 20

Severe critical value for hyperkalemia

Answer 20

> 6.5

Question 21

What insulin can be given iv?

Answer 21

Rapid acting insulin

Question 22

NaHCO3

Answer 22

k+ shifts into the cell and raises PH

Question 23

When giving ca+ gluconate 10%for severe hyperkalemia what is important to remember?

Answer 23

If bradycardia develops we must stop the infusion so pay attention to HR and BP

Question 24

What medications contribute to bone loss

Answer 24

Diuretics
Laxatives
Corticosteroids

Question 25

What should you check with hypokalemia

Answer 25

Mg because it exacerbates k losses. Correct mg first to correct k

Question 26

Kidney stones, painful bones, Moana’s from constipation, nausea and vomiting

Answer 26

Pt presentation hypercalcemia

Question 27

Major anion of ecf

Answer 27

Chloride

Question 28

Major cation of ecf

Answer 28

Sodium

Question 29

Most abundant in icf

Answer 29

Potassium

Question 30

Major cation in the body

Answer 30

Calcium

Question 31

Chloride likes

Answer 31

Sodium If Na loss = cl loss

Question 32

What drugs hold on to K+

Answer 32

Ace inhibitors Spironolactone ARBs

Question 33

NSAIDS

Answer 33

Decrease renal perfusion

Question 34

If a pt can’t tolerate an ace inhibitor

Answer 34

We go to the arbs

Question 35

Laxatives

Answer 35

Pay attention f pt has renal failure. Mg

Question 36

What medications should you avoid with renal failure?

Answer 36

Ace inhibitors Spiroolactone ARBS NSAIDS

Question 37

Who does phosphorous have an inverse relationship with?

Answer 37

Calcium and magnesium

Question 38

When phosphorous increases what signs and symptoms and interventions does it mimic with?

Answer 38

Hypocalcemia

Question 39

Who does chloride like?

Answer 39

Sodium ; if Na loss = Cl loss

Question 40

What should you not give on an empty stomach?

Answer 40

Potassium

Question 41

If a healthcare provider sends pt home with a diuretic what else do you send home with them?

Answer 41

Potassium

Question 42

Kayexalates

Answer 42

Given to help someone with hyperkalemia that will cause explosive diarrhea but to try to get rid of the excess potassium

Question 43

What are some ways to check our volume?

Answer 43

Daily weights I&o Blood pressure

Question 44

Hyperkalemia severe

Answer 44

>6.5

Question 45

Hyperkalemia lethal

Answer 45

>8.5