Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Question 1

Electrolyte concentration change impacts

Answer 1

nerve and muscle cells

Question 2

Insensible fluid loss

Answer 2

difficult to measure, loss from skin and lungs, humidity and respiration rate - breathing with mouth open

Question 3

Sensible fluid loss

Answer 3

easy to measure
urine, feces, wound drainage

Question 4

Intracellular fluid

Answer 4

found inside the cell
2/3 of total body water

Question 5

Extracellular fluid

Answer 5

found outside the cell
1/3 of total body water

Question 6

Interstitial fluid

Answer 6

between cells + outside blood vessels

Question 7

Intravascular fluid

Answer 7

blood plasma
inside blood vessels

Question 8

lymph + transcellular fluids

Answer 8

sweat, urine
fluid around joints and organs

Question 9

Passive transport

Answer 9

diffusion, osmosis, filtration

Question 10

Diffusion

Answer 10

solutes from high to low concentration

Question 11

Osmosis

Answer 11

water across a selectively permeable membrane low to high

Question 12

Filtration

Answer 12

water and solutes high hydrostatic pressure to lower

Question 13

Active transport

Answer 13

ATP is facilitate movement across the cell membrane

Question 14

Fluid osmolality depends on

Answer 14

the concentration of dissolved particles
sodium the most abundant

Question 15

Osmotic force

Answer 15

pressure created because 2 solutions have different concentrations and separated by a selectively permeable membrane

Question 16

Pitting edema

Answer 16

-press into the skin and it stays
-cut off circulation and blood flow
-excess interstitial fluid

Question 17

Pitting edema caus

Answer 17

increase capillary hydrostatic pressure
loss of plasma proteins
obstruction of lymphatic circulation
increase capillary permeability

Question 18

increase capillary hydrostatic pressure

Answer 18

prolonged sitting/standing
kidney disease
pregnancy
can’t maintain pressure

Question 19

loss of plasma proteins

Answer 19

albumin
colloidal osmotic pressure
globulin
fibrinogen

Question 20

obstruction of lymphatic circulation

Answer 20

extra fluid and protein are returned to circulation
tumor/lymph nide removal

Question 21

increase capillary permeability

Answer 21

localized edema
increase permeability and fluid movement into SI
proteins increase osmotic pressure

Question 22

generalized edema

Answer 22

increase body weight
decrease rom
heart and lung impairment

Question 23

Dehydration

Answer 23

inadequate intake or excessive loss
electrolyte imbalance

Question 24

isotonic

Answer 24

proportionate loss

Question 25

hypotonic

Answer 25

loss more electrolyte

Question 26

hypertonic

Answer 26

loss more fluid

Question 27

dehydration cause

Answer 27

vomiting and diarrhea sweating

Question 28

dehydration effects

Answer 28

decrease skin turgor electrolytes

Question 30

fluid volume deficits stimulates

Answer 30

baroreceptors volume sensitive receptors

Question 31

What is the control center for thirst

Answer 31

hypothalamus

Question 32

ADH

Answer 32

made in hypothalamus makes kidneys increase the reabsorption of water anti-diuretic

Question 33

Aldosterone

Answer 33

adrenal cortex increase blood volume effects sodium reabsorption and ECF volume

Question 34

water follows

Answer 34

salt

Question 35

what is water balance regulated by

Answer 35

adh

Question 36

what is sodium balance regulated by

Answer 36

aldosterone

Question 37

sodium

Answer 37

primary extracellular fluid cation, nerve

Question 38

what happens to blood pressure with sodium levels

Answer 38

blood pressure increases when sodium increases

Question 39

normal sodium levels

Answer 39

135 mEq/L - 145 mEq/L

Question 40

hyponatremia

Answer 40

diuretic on low salt diets too much water (need salt)

Question 41

hypernatremia

Answer 41

eat too much losing water faster than sodium

Question 42

chloride (cl-)

Answer 42

hangs out with sodium electro neutrality maintain acid-base balance

Question 43

calcium

Answer 43

required for muscle contractions (heart) essential for blood clotting

Question 44

potassium

Answer 44

inside cell

Question 45

potassium normal

Answer 45

3.5-5 meq/L abnormal = cardiac conduction

Question 46

potassium hypo abnormal

Answer 46

excessive loss (GI), diuretic drug decrease intake

Question 47

potassium hyper abnormal

Answer 47

crush injury, burns, muscle injury renal failure acidosis

Question 48

treatment of hyperkalemia

Answer 48

calcium salt (calcium chloride) increase K in heart INSULIN

Question 49

isotonic contraction

Answer 49

total body water changes proportional to electrolyte

Question 50

depletion (FVD)

Answer 50

bleeding + excessive sweating weight loss decrease BP decrease urine dehydration

Question 51

excess (FVE)

Answer 51

excessive IV fluids weight gain neck vein distension edema

Question 52

hypertonic contractions

Answer 52

greater salty than norm give hypotonic fluid (unsalty)

Question 53

hypotonic contractions

Answer 53

less salty than norm give hypertonic fluid (salty)

Question 54

fluid therapy

Answer 54

maintain fluid balance electrolyte replacement

Question 55

hypotonic fluid shift

Answer 55

from intravascular to cells (expand and hydrates cell)

Question 56

isotonic fluid shift

Answer 56

none helps expand extracellular fluid

Question 57

hypertonic fluid shift

Answer 57

fluid into the blood plasma by moving fluid out of tissue cell