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Patho Exam 2 > Fluid and Electrolyte Balance > Flashcards

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Electrolyte concentration change impacts

A

nerve and muscle cells

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2
Q

Insensible fluid loss

A

difficult to measure, loss from skin and lungs, humidity and respiration rate - breathing with mouth open

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3
Q

Sensible fluid loss

A

easy to measure
urine, feces, wound drainage

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4
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

found inside the cell
2/3 of total body water

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5
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

found outside the cell
1/3 of total body water

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6
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

between cells + outside blood vessels

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7
Q

Intravascular fluid

A

blood plasma
inside blood vessels

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8
Q

lymph + transcellular fluids

A

sweat, urine
fluid around joints and organs

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9
Q

Passive transport

A

diffusion, osmosis, filtration

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10
Q

Diffusion

A

solutes from high to low concentration

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11
Q

Osmosis

A

water across a selectively permeable membrane low to high

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12
Q

Filtration

A

water and solutes high hydrostatic pressure to lower

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13
Q

Active transport

A

ATP is facilitate movement across the cell membrane

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14
Q

Fluid osmolality depends on

A

the concentration of dissolved particles
sodium the most abundant

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15
Q

Osmotic force

A

pressure created because 2 solutions have different concentrations and separated by a selectively permeable membrane

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16
Q

Pitting edema

A

-press into the skin and it stays
-cut off circulation and blood flow
-excess interstitial fluid

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17
Q

Pitting edema caus

A

increase capillary hydrostatic pressure
loss of plasma proteins
obstruction of lymphatic circulation
increase capillary permeability

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18
Q

increase capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

prolonged sitting/standing
kidney disease
pregnancy
can’t maintain pressure

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19
Q

loss of plasma proteins

A

albumin
colloidal osmotic pressure
globulin
fibrinogen

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20
Q

obstruction of lymphatic circulation

A

extra fluid and protein are returned to circulation
tumor/lymph nide removal

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21
Q

increase capillary permeability

A

localized edema
increase permeability and fluid movement into SI
proteins increase osmotic pressure

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22
Q

generalized edema

A

increase body weight
decrease rom
heart and lung impairment

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23
Q

Dehydration

A

inadequate intake or excessive loss
electrolyte imbalance

24
Q

isotonic

A

proportionate loss

25
Q

hypotonic

A

loss more electrolyte

26
Q

hypertonic

A

loss more fluid

27
Q

dehydration cause

A

vomiting and diarrhea
sweating

28
Q

dehydration effects

A

decrease skin turgor
electrolytes

29
Q
A
30
Q

fluid volume deficits stimulates

A

baroreceptors
volume sensitive receptors

31
Q

What is the control center for thirst

A

hypothalamus

32
Q

ADH

A

made in hypothalamus
makes kidneys increase the reabsorption of water
anti-diuretic

33
Q

Aldosterone

A

adrenal cortex
increase blood volume
effects sodium reabsorption and ECF volume

34
Q

water follows

A

salt

35
Q

what is water balance regulated by

A

adh

36
Q

what is sodium balance regulated by

A

aldosterone

37
Q

sodium

A

primary extracellular fluid cation, nerve

38
Q

what happens to blood pressure with sodium levels

A

blood pressure increases when sodium increases

39
Q

normal sodium levels

A

135 mEq/L - 145 mEq/L

40
Q

hyponatremia

A

diuretic on low salt diets
too much water (need salt)

41
Q

hypernatremia

A

eat too much
losing water faster than sodium

42
Q

chloride (cl-)

A

hangs out with sodium
electro neutrality
maintain acid-base balance

43
Q

calcium

A

required for muscle contractions (heart)
essential for blood clotting

44
Q

potassium

A

inside cell

45
Q

potassium normal

A

3.5-5 meq/L
abnormal = cardiac conduction

46
Q

potassium hypo abnormal

A

excessive loss (GI), diuretic drug
decrease intake

47
Q

potassium hyper abnormal

A

crush injury, burns, muscle injury
renal failure
acidosis

48
Q

treatment of hyperkalemia

A

calcium salt (calcium chloride)
increase K in heart
INSULIN

49
Q

isotonic contraction

A

total body water changes proportional to electrolyte

50
Q

depletion (FVD)

A

bleeding + excessive sweating
weight loss
decrease BP
decrease urine
dehydration

51
Q

excess (FVE)

A

excessive IV fluids
weight gain
neck vein distension
edema

52
Q

hypertonic contractions

A

greater salty than norm
give hypotonic fluid (unsalty)

53
Q

hypotonic contractions

A

less salty than norm
give hypertonic fluid (salty)

54
Q

fluid therapy

A

maintain fluid balance
electrolyte replacement

55
Q

hypotonic fluid shift

A

from intravascular to cells (expand and hydrates cell)

56
Q

isotonic fluid shift

A

none
helps expand extracellular fluid

57
Q

hypertonic fluid shift

A

fluid into the blood plasma by moving fluid out of tissue cell

Patho Exam 2 (4 decks)

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