floral study 2011

Question 1

Plants convert chemical energy into light energy which results in plant growth.

Answer 1

false

Question 2

Wavelengths are measured in __________ with specific wavelengths corresponding to specific __________.

Answer 2

Nanometer, color

Question 3

Photoperiodism is a phytochrome-mediated response

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Modern __________ cultivars come in an astonishing variety of colors, color combinations and petal styles (spoon, quill, and flat).

Answer 4

Chrysanthemum (daisy)

Question 5

Dahlias are native to the mountains of __________.

Answer 5

Mexico

Question 6

Growth is best for Helianthus annus L. between _______________ and __________ sun is always preferred.

Answer 6

65 to 75 F, full

Question 7

__________ is an example of a species that is commercially cultivated.

Answer 7

Exacum affine

Question 8

When spores germinate, they form a small __________ leaf like structure known as the prothallus.

Answer 8

Green

Question 9

__________ is any method of breaking through hard, water-impermeable seed coats to allow water to penetrate.

Answer 9

Scarification

Question 10

Disadvantages to pregermination are limited shelf life of _______________, limited selection, and limited cost.

Answer 10

4 to 5 weeks

Question 11

Floral supply companies focus their inventories on hard goods and tools but primarily on fresh flowers and foliage.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

__________ were historically the first people to use flowers for decorative purposes.

Answer 12

Egyptians

Question 13

The strewing of flowers and loose petals at banquets and festivals was typical of the _______________ period.

Answer 13

Greek and Roman

Question 14

The _______________ period is considered the beginning of flower arranging as it is known today.

Answer 14

Italian Renaissance

Question 15

The point at which the plant is receiving as much light energy as it can use is the _______________ point.

Answer 15

Light saturation

Question 16

The Euphorbia pulcherrima a __________ day plant, is induced to flower by providing __________ nights and __________ days.

Answer 16

Short, long, short

Question 17

The floral industry is an international, multitrillion dollar industry.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

The floral design of the __________ influence emphasizes careful and significant placement of every flower, branch, or leaf

Answer 18

Japanese

Question 19

Consumers encounter Alstroemeria frequently in the retail marketplace, as it is one of the world’s top __________ cut flowers.

Answer 19

Ten

Question 20

Seed-grown tubers generally produce __________ eyes, which means plants will have a __________ number of flowers and leaf sprouts.

Answer 20

More, higher

Question 21

Most Callas sold today from the United States are three year old true seed hybrids.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

Floriculture is defined literally as “_________________________” but includes florist shops, flower retailers, wholesale florists, production greenhouses and floral supply companies.

Answer 22

Culture of flowers

Question 23

_______________ provides even faster seedling production than other hydration methods and results in 100% usable seedlings.

Answer 23

Pregermination

Question 24

The _______________ point is the light intensity at which the plant is receiving as much light energy from the light during photosynthesis as it is during respiration.

Answer 24

Light compensation

Question 25

Although general plant growth usually requires light with all wavelengths, __________ and __________ wavelengths result in the greatest plant growth response.

Answer 25

Red (700), blue (470)

Question 26

The Italian Renaissance was significant during the _______________ centuries.

Answer 26

15th and 16th

Question 27

The placement of three main flowers or branches signifies __________, __________, and __________.

Answer 27

Heaven, man, earth

Question 28

Place cut Antirrhinum majus stems vertically as soon as possible after harvest; stems placed horizontally may begin to bend upward in as little as __________.

Answer 28

30 minutes

Question 29

When the source of __________ is removed, the concentration of the __________ drops quickly, thereby releasing lateral branches from __________ dominance and allowing them to develop.

Answer 29

Auxin, hormone, apical

Question 30

_______________ is a technique used by seed suppliers to imbibe the seed and begin germination, but then stop the process before the radical (root) emerges.

Answer 30

Seed hydration

Question 31

Stratification is the application of a moist chilling treatment of 32 to 50 F (0 to 10 C) to seeds.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

The __________ fuzzy fungal growth of Botrytis blight often begins with injured or necrotic areas and then infects healthy tissue.

Answer 32

Gray

Question 33

Measuring light requires the use of _____ factor(s).

Answer 33

3

Question 34

Light has _____ function(s) in plant growth.

Answer 34

2

Question 35

Helianthus annus L. is the most commonly grown __________ species.

Answer 35

Sunflowers

Question 36

Dianthus caryophyllus is a native of the _______________ area, originally flowering only in the early spring.

Answer 36

Mediterranean

Question 37

Dahlias flower morphology is complex and flower size varies from larger than __________ to less than __________ in diameter.

Answer 37

8.25 in., 4 in.

Question 38

Plants grown under light high in _____ wavelengths will be short, dark green, and well branched.

Answer 38

Red

Question 39

Sunflowers require low nutritional levels.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

Treated seed virtually __________ viral, fungal, and bacterial disease at the time of planting, greatly __________ disease in professional grower products.

Answer 40

Eliminates, reducing

Question 41

There are two different purposes for using artificial lighting. First, lamps can be used to provide additional light to increase photosynthesis and plant growth. This is termed __________ lighting. Second, lamps can be used to alter the photoperiod perceived by the plants. This is termed __________ lighting.

Answer 41

Supplemental, photoperiodic

Question 42

Many growers apply a shading compound or shade cloth from _______________ to _______________ to reduce heat stress that results from high light levels entering the greenhouse

Answer 42

Late spring, early fall

Question 43

Alstroemeria produce two types of shoots: __________ and __________.

Answer 43

Flowering, vegetative

Question 44

Botrytis blight is also known as __________.

Answer 44

Tulip fire