Flight Topics Flashcards
4 relative contraindications for flight
severe anemia
pregnancy beyond 24wga
uncontrolled arrythmia
weight/space confines
sea level barometric pressure
760 torr or 1 atmosphere
pressure at 10K ft
523 torr
pressure at 18K ft
380 torr or 1/2 atmosphere
4 altitude zones
physiologic zone
physiologically deficient zone 10-50K
space equivalent zone over 50K
how can you tell if your plane is experiencing rapid decompression
cooler temperatures in the cabin & window fogging
plane has window fogging
rapid decompression
what happens to TUC if rapid decompression
rapid decompression (cold & window fogging) cuts TUC in half
Boyle’s law
pressure & volume
what type of trauma shoudl not fly b/c of Boyle’s law
open/decompressed skull fracture
Charles’ law
volume & temp
volume & temp
Charle’s law
how do you use Charle’s law
explains how well an aircraft performs depends on weather
*ideal flying conditions are a dry cold day
ideal flying day
dry and cold
b/c Charles’ law
effect of Dalton’s law
soft tissue swelling at altitude
Fick’s law
diffusion of gas is proportional to the difference in partial pressure & the area of the membrane
*inversely proprotional to the thickness of athe menmbrane
law regarding gas diffusion
Fick’s law
*propportional to partial pressure, area of the the membrane and inversely to the thickness of the membrane
law that explains gas diffusion across the alveoli
FIck’s law
how to remember what Henry’s law does
Henry = Heiniken
Henry’s law
solubility of gas in a liquid* quantity of gas dissolved in 1ml is proprotional to the partial pressure of gas above it
law tht explains the bends
Henry’s law
solubility of gas in a liquid is the amount of gas that dissolves is proprotional to the partial pressure of the gas above it
solubility of a gas in a liquid is proprotional to the partial pressure of the gas above it
Henry’s Law
what happens in the bends
compressed nitrogen molecules allows it to dissociate from adipose tissue
ATM and feet below the surface
Q33 ft = 1 atm "martini rule" ATM above surface 1 ATM at sea level 1/2 ATM at 18K ft
Gay Lussac’s law
temp & pressure
temp & pressure
Gay Lussac’s Law
oxygen cylinder and gas law
temperature drop means lower oxygen reading
what gas law explains why you have to add air to your tires in windter
cold temp so lower pressure
Ideal Gas Law
Boyle + Charles + G-L
Graham’s Law
law of gasseous diffusion
gas exchange at the cellular level
*the rate of diffusion of a gas through a liquid medium is directly related to the solubiliyt of hte gas and is inversly proportional to the square root of its density
what law limits gas ability to move through a liquid
Graham’s law
best weather for flying
air expands when hot
best lift is in cold dry air
partial pressure as altitude increases
Dalton’s = partial pressure decreases even though the % of gas is uniform
action of Fick’s Law
increase partial pressure = increased oxygen
SO….add Fi/O2, partial pressure and surface area incease
Diving adds pressure when surfacing nitrogen comes out of a solution
Henry’s Law
increased pressure = increased gas solubility
Henry’s Law
decreased pressure = decreased temperature
G-L law
increased diffusion = decreased molecular weight
Graham’s law
lower molecular weight can diffuse easier (CO2)
total pressure = P1 + P2…
Dalton’s law
oxygen adjustment calculation for flight
FiO2 x P1
divided by P2 = FiO2 needed for flight
P1 = pressure you are at (ground) P2 = pressure you are flying to/crusing altitude
when does teeth pain occur when flying
barodontalgia on ascent
air trapped in fillings expans
when do ears hurt when flying
descent
what causes barotitis
ear pain
air trapped in the middle ear can’t get through the blocked eusachian tube
when do you experience barosinusitis
both ascent and escent
referred maxillary pain
cutis marmorata
mottled skin that looks like a sunburn
in skin bends
pt feels ants on their skin
skin bends. nitrogen bends
transprot a diving injury
ground
if air, pressurize flixed wing or 1ooo
barbariotrauma
sudden release of nitrogen stored in lipids when going to altitude
treat bariobariotrauma
nitrogen washout w/10L/min nonrebreather for 15 min prior to flight
pressure 66ft under water
2 ATM
pressure 33 ft under water
1 ATM
pressure increase underwater
1 ATM per 33 ft
4 types of hypoxia
hypoxic - not enought oxygen in air (partial pressure)
stagnant- blood sin’t moving
hypemic -anemia
histotoxic- hypoxia at cellular level
causes of stagnant anemia
high G forces
cardiogenic shock
anemia of high G force
stagnant anemia
anemia of cardiogenic shock
stagnant anemia
anemia of hemorrhage
hypemic - hypoxia at blood level
difference between hypoxic & hypemic anemia
hypoxic = not enough oxygen r/t partial pressure hypemic = hypoxia at blood level b/c reduction in O2 carrying capacity
causes of histotoxic anemia
poisioning hypoxia at the cellular level
*cyanide, alcohol, nitroglycerine, nitroprusside, viagra
4 stages of hypoxia
indifferent
compensatoryt
disturbance
critical
compensatory statge of hypoxia
stage 2. of hypoxia
increased HR, ventilations, slowed judgement
distrubance stage of hypoxia
stage 3 of hypoxia
slurred speech. impaired judgement
drunk
SE of G-force
G force causes BP to drop
stagnant anemia
2 types of people who are the most affected by high G forces
dehydrated
BP meds like BB
COBRA
consolidated omnibus budget reconcillation act
what does COBRA do
protects uninsuraed pt from being denied hospital care or transferred inappropriately for inability to pay
EMTALA
Emergency Medical Treatment & Active Labor Act
rule under EMTALA
250 yd rule
- if someone is injured within 250 years of the hospital, treat them
- ambulance may meet on a campus w/o triggering EMTALA unless ambulance crew needs assistance
accreditation for medical transport
CAMTS
flight check-ins
q15min in air, 45 on ground
miss 2 checkins, lauch Emergency Action Plan/SAR team
when do air traffic controllers activate the Emergency Action Plan
after 2 of the q15 missed checkins
search and rescue team
rotor/fixed wing pilot rules
2K hrs total flight
at least 1K they must be the pilot in charge
100 as pilot in charge at night
area orientation for helicopter pilots before solo missions
5hrs total with 2 at night
general operating and flight rules
FAR Part 91
Part 91
general operating /flight rules
everyone rules
weather minimums under Part 91
no weather minimums
duty day length minimums udner Part 91
no set time for how long the pilot may fly
PArt 91 rule about alcohol
Part 91.17
cannot fly within 8hr of alcohol or if still drunk, or BAC over 0.04%
time after alcohol when you can fly
8hrs post per Part 91 if not drunk
BAC when you can fly
must be under 0.04% and cannot have had a drink within 8hr
rules for flying passengers for money
Part 135
Part 135
flying passengers for money
max duty day under Part 135
max 14hrs
no more than 8hrs of flying time within 24hrs
altitude in day if local & no mountains
altitude 800ft - 2 miles
altitude in night if local and mountainous
altitude 800-3 miles
altitude if cross-country, day, and no mountains
800-3 miles
altitude if nigth, cross country, and mountains
800-3 miles
altitude if day, local, and mountains
800-3 miles
altitude if day, cross country, and mountains
1000-3 miles
altitude if night, local, and mountainous
1000-3 miles
altitude if night, cross contry, and mountainous
1000-5miles
accepting weather risks
marginal weather, accept risk
below minimums, do not fly
you can only fly in weather conditions where you can see where you are flying
Visual FLight Rules
VFR
Visual Flight RUles.
you can see where you are flying w/o instruments
flying w/o instruments
VIsual Flight RUles
flying with instruments b/c of bad weather
INstrument FLight Rules becasue of Instrument Meterological COnditions
piloting under VFR but flying into unexpected bad weather where instruments are needed
Double IMC
Inadvertent Instrument MEterological COnditions
transponder code 1200
Visual FLiht RUles
transponder code for Visual FLight Rules
1200
transponder code for gliders
1202
transponder code 1202
gliders
transponder codes for hijack
7500
transponder code 7500
hijack
transponder code for communication failure
7600
transponder code 7600
communication failure
transponder code for emergency
7700
transponder code 7700
emergency
transponder code for military intercept
7777
transponder code 7777
military intercept
HLZ
qhasty landing zone
100x100
1 approach & departure heading
2 passes required before landing. one high and one low
helicopter passes the same area twice - once at high altitude and once low
looking to land in a HLZ = hasty landing zone
approach helicopter
11 or 1 o’clock
downhill
helicopter landing in HAZMAT zone
uphill & upwind
patient cross straps
3 = chest, hips, knees
3 types of in-flight emergencies
land immeidately
land asap (chip light, low transmission pressure)
land as soon as practicle
rotary wings rotate w/o engine
autorotation
regular powered flight versus autorotation
normal - air drawn through the rotors to create lift
autorotation- air moves up from below as the ‘copter descends
feet positioning if crash landing
knees together, feet 6in apart flat
lets underneath the seat will get broken
pre-crash sequence
patient flat
turn off oxygen
crash position
post crash sequence
turn off order: TFB
throttle
fuel
battery
post crash shutoff sequence
TFB
throttle
fuel
battery
priorities after crash landing
shelter
fire
water
signal
ELT = emergency locator transmitter activates
at 4g’s
transmit frequency of ELT - emergency locator transmitter
121.5 MHz
upgraded transmitted frequency is 406 per FAA 135
search & rescue
CONUS = civil air patrol
over US waters = coast guard
radio frequency that is blocked by hills/mt
VHF
emergency frequency
121.5MHz
distance of VHF
long range line of sigt 100km
air traffic control frequency
118-137 VHF
range of Ultra High Frequeny
300MHz to 1GH
short range radio frequency
UHF
300MHz to 1GHz
limits of UHF
800MHz to 1GHz
blocked by hills/large buildings
limited by visual horizon to 30-40miles
can penetrate foliage/buildings for indoor reeption
800 MHz
public safety radio system
lights on aircraft wings
red is port
green is starboard
white is tail
ambient temperature of an ambulance
68-78 degrees
fuel capacity of a ground ambulance
178mile tarange
ground clearance of an ambulance when full
6 inches ground learnece
audible siren
audible under normal condituions of >500ft
visual light
strobe light visualized >500ft
distance that you shoule be able to hear siren and see light
> 500ft
how frequently to check fluid of ambulance
twice a week
how frequently to check pressure of ambulance
twice a week
daily checks of ambulance
damages & equipment failur