Flight Management System Flashcards
The left and right GPS positions are displayed on POS REF page 3/3.
When the FMC is using GPS to update its position, it will be
displayed on the ND.
Should the ADIRU fail during flight, an EICAS caution message NAV ADIRU INERTIAL will be displayed along with the master CAUTION light.
In this situation, the FMC will now use
GPS only for navigation.
The Air Data Inertial Reference System (ADIRS) calculates airplane
altitude, airspeed, attitude, heading and position information.
The ADIRS supplies information to the display units,
Flight Management System,
flight controls, and engine controls.
The ADIRU is a fault-tolerant and fully redundant system supplying
the primary flight data, inertial navigation and air data.
Battery bus power is required during ADIRU initial power-up.
Before moving the airplane, a full alignment must be completed.
If electrical power is inadvertently removed from the airplane and the
BATTERY switch has been selected OFF, the ADIRU will still receive power
from
the hot battery bus.
The ON BAT light will illuminate.
Maintenance personnel will be alerted to this situation by the sounding of a
horn, located in the nose wheel well.
If the ADIRU is accidentally turned OFF in flight, system logic prevents the ADIRU from becoming unpowered.
If the ADIRU switch is turned OFF on the ground, it will
remain powered for a few seconds.
The scratchpad message INERTIAL / ORIGIN DISAGREE will display if the latitude / longitude position is not within
6 nm of the origin airport.
If an incorrect latitude / longitude is entered by the crew and the airplane senses
a disagreement to where it thinks it should be, the scratchpad message
ENTER INERTIAL POSITION will display.
The scratchpad message ALIGNMENT REINITIATED will display if a new present position entry fails twice.
This causes
a new alignment cycle to begin.
If the GPS position differs greatly from the entered ADIRU position, the scratchpad message NAV UNABLE RNP will display.
This is a rare occurrence and will rectify itself when the FMC reconciles the difference between the new
ADIRU position and the GPS position.
Each time the airplane is stopped for an extended period of time, the ADIRU will enter an automatic realign mode.
Position alignment will be refined until
the airplane starts to move again.
The ADIRU velocity and acceleration errors will be set to zero.
With the ADIRU in the automatic realign mode, a manual position update can be accomplished.
A new position can be entered on
POS INIT page 1/3.
NOTE: An ADIRU alignment cannot be accomplished in flight.
If the time between alignments is expected to exceed 24 hr, a position update is recommended.
When a ADIRU fault occurs, the SAARU will supply attitude data and will supply backup heading data for
3 min.
The heading is based on ADIRU heading prior to the failure.
After 3 min, heading data will be removed and a SET HDG prompt will be
displayed on the CDU POS INIT page.
The ADIRU and SAARU receive their air data from
the left, center and right pitot and static systems.
Two of these three air data sources must be in agreement before the ADIRU and
SAARU use the data.
There are 2 ADF systems installed on the airplane. Each ADF can be manually
tuned from
the NAV RADIO page on either CDU.
In the event of a dual FMC failure, the ADFs can be tuned using
the CDU ALTN NAV RADIO page.
There are 2 DME systems installed on the airplane. The DMEs, usually
autotuned by the FMC, may also
be tuned manually.
When the VOR portion of a VOR / DME is manually entered on the NAV RADIO page, the DMEs are considered to be tuned manually.
This does not inhibit FMC DME tuning.
Two DMEs are used by the FMC for position updates.
The FMC will tune DMEs as necessary for radio position updates.
This is seen on
POS REF page 2/3 displays the identifiers of the DME stations used for FMC position updates.
The DME / DME updates are usually more accurate than VOR / DME updates.
If the NAVAIDS have been inhibited on the REF NAV DATA page, the FMC
will be unable to tune specific DMEs.
In the event of a dual FMC failure, the VORs can be tuned manually using
the CDU ALTN NAV RADIO page.
Each DME tuned will be displayed on its own CDU.
NOTE: The only exception is if the ND mode selector is set to APP, the DME displayed will be that of the ILS.
The B777 has three ILS receivers which are usually tuned by the FMC.
They may also be manually tuned on the NAV RADIO page.
For ILS autotuning to occur, two conditions must be met.
he two conditions are: An ILS, LOC, back course, LDA (Localizer-type Directional Aid), or SDF (Simplified Directional Facility) approach must have been selected to the active route;
and the airplane must be within 50 nm from the Top of Descent, 150 nm of the landing runway threshold, or the FMC operating in descent mode.
To prevent clutter on the PFD, ILS autotuning is inhibited for
10 min after take-off.
This inhibit does not apply if a new approach is inserted into the active Flight Plan causing the ILS to autotune to the new approach frequency;
or
to subsequent take-offs and landings on the same flight (for example, touch-and-go or stop-and-go landings).
Unless ILS approach tuning inhibit is active, the three ILS receivers can be manually tuned from
the NAV RADIO page.
ILS approach tuning inhibit is active when:
The autopilot is engaged and either the localizer or glideslope is captured.
Only the flight director is engaged, and either the localizer or the glideslope is captured, and the airplane is below 500 ft Radio Altitude, or
on the ground,
the localizer is alive,
airplane heading is within 45 ° of the localizer front course,
and ground speed is greater than 40 kt.
Manual ILS tuning is again enabled when:
either TO/GA switch is pushed,
the autopilot is disengaged and both F/D switches are switched OFF, or
the MCP approach mode is deselected above 1,500 ft Radio Altitude.
n the event of a dual FMC failure, the left and center ILS receivers can be tuned from
and the right ILS receiver can be tuned from
the left CDU ALTN NAV RADIO page
right CDU ALTN NAV RADIO page.
In flight, with the mode selector in XPNDR, TA ONLY or TA/RA, the selected transponder activates
beacon and altitude reporting.
If transponder altitude reporting fails, the ALT SOURCE selector can switch the
source from the ADIRU (NORM) to
SAARU (ALTN).
On power-up, each radar sweep and when descending through 2,300 ft AGL,
the weather radar performs
several self tests.
In the event of an EFIS control panel problem, the weather radar can be
controlled from the EFIS OPTIONS page
on the CDU.
This is only to be used during non-normal operations.
The ND will display any operating modes and fault conditions.
Only when there is sufficient precipitation can the weather radar display turbulence.
Clear air turbulence
cannot be sensed by radar.
The 322 has a multiscan radar system designed for fully automatic operation.
It collects data from different scans and merges the information into a total weather picture.
Ground clutter is eliminated from the onboard software providing clutter free viewing of significant weather out to
320 NM.
In AUTO mode, multiple radar scans at pre-selected tilt angles detect short, mid, and long range weather.
The result is weather detection at all ranges and in all phases of flight.
Additional processing ensures data from a thunderstorm top within
5,000 ft of the aircraft remains on the radar display until it no longer poses a danger;
this enables flight around thunderstorms that may not be visible.
Tilt and gain inputs are not available when operating in AUTO.
The desired range in AUTO can be selected on the EFIS control panel.
When AUTO is initially selected, the radar first sweeps along the aircraft’s flight path.
This will ensure that weather in front of the pilots is immediately displayed.
Four subsequent sweeps are part of the initialization process to detect weather and ground clutter.
After approximately
16 seconds, the initialization is complete and the ND will show an optimized
weather picture with minimal ground clutter for any range selection.
The TEST switch tests the weather radar system operation without transmitting.
A test pattern and Predictive Windshear Systems (PWS) symbol display along
with any fault messages that result from the test provided
WXR is selected on any ND or PFD.
The TFR switch transfers other ND display selections to the related ND.
Note that selecting both TFR switches at the same time results in
the TEST mode and the test pattern displays.
WX displays weather radar returns. WX+T displays weather returns and threats within precipitation at the calibrated gain level.
Turbulence within 40 nm is displayed at all display ranges.
Note: that turbulence detection requires the presence of detectable precipitation. Clear air turbulence
cannot be detected by radar.
MAP displays ground returns at the selected gain level. Pushing and holding GC
displays ground clutter.
322 The enhanced features of this radar include
Threat Assessment, Predictive Overflight, Turbulence Display, and a Descent feature.
322
The Threat Assessment feature is active in AUTO with WX+T mode selected.
This feature combines data from vertical and horizontal sweeps to predict the presence of turbulence and hail in anvil and electrified stratiform clouds.
At altitudes above 25,000 ft threats display as
red speckled patterns in green or yellow regions,
indicating a threat in a cell and a region where aircraft-induced lightning may occur.
322 Predictive Overflight (POF) protection displays a cell growing into the flight path,
but not currently a threat. A POF display can be an indication of
clear air turbulence above a growing cell even if the visible cell may not reach the flight path.
POF displays as a red enclosure with red dots. POF is active only with AUTO and WX+T selected.
322 When operating in AUTO,
two-level turbulence detection displays severe turbulence with solid magenta areas while light-to-moderate turbulence areas display with magenta dots. Severe turbulence is for aircraft loads 0.3g or greater; light turbulence is for aircraft loads 0.2g or less.
magenta dots. Severe turbulence is for aircraft loads 0.3g or greater;
light turbulence is for aircraft loads 0.2g or less.
322 When operating in AUTO and WX+T,
threat assessment is operative for the descent profile.
It is not necessary to switch to
manual operation during descent.
322 Radar - Summary
In the event of a left or right CDU failure, the center CDU will automatically
take over the role of the failed CDU.
When alternate navigation is active, only
the left and right CDUs are used to tune navigation radios.
Left and right CDUs provide backup to the left and right EFIS control panels,
while the center CDU provides
EFIS control panel backup for a failed left or right CDU.
When an altitude entry is required it may be entered into the FMC as a
three digit (XXX), four digit (XXXX), five digit (XXXXX), or flight level (FLXXX) number.
Based on the transition altitude, the FMC will change the altitude or flight level entries into
the proper format. Some data lines may be further restricted.
Entry of three digits represents altitude or flight levels in increments of 100 ft. Leading zeros
are required.
A slash / on a CDU page is used for a data pair. Examples include wind direction / speed and waypoint airspeed / altitude constraints.
If both values of a data pair are needed, the slash is inserted between the values. The slash may not be required if it is possible to enter only one value of the pair.
If only the outboard value of a data pair is needed, the trailing or leading slash is not required, but may be entered before transferring to the data line.If only the inboard value of a data pair is needed,
the trailing or leading slash must be entered before transferring to the data line.
An INVALID ENTRY message normally displays if a required slash is left out.
If the manual entry is followed by an A, for example 390.0A, the ADF uses Antenna mode.
This mode optimizes audio reception and removes ADF bearing information.
The ADF L (R) Frequencies and Tuning Status Display tuning status (white) is adjacent to left and right ADF frequencies (cyan).
The ADF receivers require
manual tuning and operate in three modes.
Valid entries are XXX.X or XXXX.X, followed by A (ANT), B (BFO) or none (for default).