Engines Flashcards
Reverse thrust is only available with
respective hydraulic power and with forward thrust levers at idle.
Activation of reverse thrust will automatically deploy the speed brakes
if they were not in the armed position.
Forward thrust can only be applied if
the reverse thrust levers are down.
With the AUTOSTART ON, placing the FUEL CONTROL switch to RUN will
open the spar fuel valve,
arm the engine fuel valve
and the selected ignitors.
At the appropriate N2 RPM, the Electronic Engine Control (EEC) opens
the engine fuel valve
and energizes the ignitor or ignitors.
With the AUTOSTART OFF (during a manual start), placing the fuel switch to RUN will
open the spar fuel valve,
engine fuel valve
and turns ON an ignitor.
The CUTOFF switch closes
the fuel valves,
removes ignitor power and
unlocks the engine fire switch.
In the NORM position, the EEC is the normal engine control mode for engine control and sets thrust using
Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR) as the controlling parameter.
The ALTN light illuminated on the EEC indicates
that the alternate engine control mode is either automatically or manually selected.
If the ALTN light illuminates, the EEC selects the alternate engine control mode and thrust is set using
N1 RPM as the controlling parameter.
The START selector initiates engine start by
opening the start valve and releases to NORM at start valve cutout.
When the AUTOSTART switch is in the ON position, it
arms the autostart system.
When the AUTOSTART switch is in the OFF position, AUTOSTART is
disabled and the start is manually controlled.
The primary engine indications are
Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR),
Low Pressure Rotor Speed (N1)
and Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT).
These are displayed at all times on the Primary EICAS display.
The thrust reverser indication is displayed
amber when in transit and green when the reverser is fully deployed.
The EPR Maximum Line displayed in amber indicates
the maximum EPR.
The EPR Reference / Target Bug in green displays
the EPR reference limit. This is also shown in digital format as indicated here.
The reference limit, shown in magenta,
displays the target EPR commanded by the FMS
when VNAV is engaged, with
the autothrottle engaged in THR or
THR REF mode (or autothrottle not engaged).
The commanded EPR sector momentarily displays the difference
between engine EPR and the EPR commanded by the thrust lever position.
The N1 maximum operating limit is displayed
red.
The N1 indication is displayed white if operating in the normal operating range.
It will be displayed in
in red if the operating limit has been reached.
The EGT portion of the primary engine indication displays the maximum take off EGT limit in red. The EGT amber band shows
the normal maximum continuous EGT limit.
The EGT start limit line is displayed red and is shown when the FUEL CONTROL switch is in CUTOFF or
with the N2 RPM below idle.
The EGT readout and indication will turn amber when
the maximum continuous limit is reached.
The amber exceedance indication is inhibited during take off and go-around.
The EGT readout and indication will turn red when
the maximum start or take off limit is reached.
the maximum start or take off limit is reached.
To cancel this, push the CANC/RCL button on the display select panel.
The red box has been removed. To recall on which engine the exceedance occurred, press the CANC/RCL button again.
The red box reappears to show on which engine the EGT exceedance occurred.
Engine anti-ice, shown as EAI and displayed in green, indicates
Wing anti-ice, shown as WAI and displayed in green
indicates the anti-ice valve is open.
indicates the anti-ice valve is open.
The in-flight start envelope is displayed in magenta.
It will only be displayed when
the respective Engine Fire switch is IN and either the respective engines Fuel Control switch is in CUTOFF
or the engine N2 RPM is below idle.
The altitude displayed is the lower of the current altitude or the maximum in-flight start altitude of FL300.
The crossbleed start indications display when
a crossbleed start is recommended for an in-flight start.
A magenta X-BLD symbol will
be displayed above the engine requiring the re-light.
A DUCT PRESS indication shows the pressure in the left and right bleed air ducts in psi.
It will be displayed when
the respective Engine Fire switch is IN, a Fuel Control switch is in CUTOFF and the engine N2 is below IDLE.
The secondary engine indications are
the N2 RPM,
fuel flow,
oil pressure,
oil temperature,
oil quantity
and engine vibration.
The secondary engine indications will automatically display on the lower center MFD if
there is an exceedance of a secondary engine parameter.
The display cannot be removed until the exceedance is cleared.
The N2 RPM is displayed white when operating in the normal range and
The N2 RPM operating limit is displayed red.
The N2 indication is displayed white when in the normal range and
red when the operating limit has been reached.
red when the operating limit is reached.
It is the only round dial on the secondary engine indications.
The minimum oil pressure is
he oil pressure display and pointer will be displayed in white when the oil pressure is within the normal operating range.
The oil pressure display will change to
70 PSI.
red when the operating limits are reached.
The oil temperature display and pointer will be white when in normal operating range,
amber when
and red when
the caution range is reached (low or high values),
when the operating limit is reached.
The OIL QTY shown as useable amount in quarts is displayed white to show normal quantity.
There is
no minimum oil quantity line but when a low quantity occurs, the display will reverse showing a black number on a white background.
LO is displayed white.
When the source of the vibration is unknown,
BB or broad band vibration is displayed.
The engine vibration high band displayed white shows the vibration level at which
automatic display of the secondary indications will occur.
Note: There is no certified vibration limit. When the engine vibration pointer reaches this line, the secondary engine indication will automatically display.
When a high vibration occurs, the display will
reverse showing black numbers on a white background.
f the MFD lower display should fail while displaying the secondary engine indications, the display will automatically
transfer to the upper MFD.
During normal operations, if a system page is shown on the lower center MFD and an exceedance occurs, then
the compact display will automatically be placed on the upper center MFD.
The Captain will call START BOTH ENGINES.
The first Officer will
display the Secondary Engine indications from the Display Select Panel.
The First Officer will select both START/IGNITION selectors to START.
The First Officer will then select the Fuel Control Switches to RUN and then will monitor the engine indications.
NOTE: If there is no oil pressure increase or high oil temperature is observed after initial EGT rise, complete the Aborted Engine Start non-normal checklist.
Both the Captain and First Officer will monitor the engine start.
For the engine crossbleed start
the APU must be shutdown or the APU bleed switch must be turned OFF.
Also verify the area behind the airplane is clear of equipment and personnel prior to advancing the thrust lever on the operating engine.
Increase the thrust on the operating engine to approximately 60% N2
and verify a minimum of 25 PSI duct pressure.
Then accomplish a normal engine start.
For the Engine Start With External Air, verify that duct pressure is a minimum
of 25 PSI, less 1 PSI per 1,000 ft of pressure altitude.
Accomplish a normal engine start. After pushback, initiate a Crossbleed start.
A manual engine start is completed when the autostart system is inoperative prior to engine start on the ground.
It is important to preview this procedure in its entirety prior to accomplishing the first step.
Start one engine at a time.
To manually control the start, turn OFF the AUTOSTART system.
For a manual start the crew must monitor engine indications and take any corrective action if required.
Once N2 reaches max motoring speed (15 % minimum), move the FUEL CONTROL switch to RUN.
Continue to monitor engine parameters.
After selecting RUN, check that EGT rise occurs within 20 sec,
N1 rotation occurs by 40 % N2, EGT stays within limits and N2 reaches idle within 2 min.
To carry out a Start Valve Manual Operation, ground crew will
manually open the start valve after positioning the START selector to START, and manually close the start valve at 42 % N2.
The amber caution “ENG AUTOSTART L or R” will be displayed if
The autostart did not start the engine or,
If during a manual start,
the FUEL CONTROL switch is set to RUN at a low engine RPM
with the AUTOSTART switch OFF.
If during an engine start, the start valve does not remain in the commanded position, the amber advisory
“ENG START VALVE L or R” will be displayed.
If during an engine start, the START/IGNITION switch remains in START or if the start valve fails to close, the amber caution
“ENG STARTER CUTOUT L or R” will be displayed.
In-flight start information is displayed on the upper EICAS display.
This will occur when
an engine is not running in flight or
when an engine is shutdown in flight
and the engine fire switch is in the normal position.
“ENG EEC MODE L or R” is displayed when control for the affected engine is operating in ALTN mode.
This is shown whether it was a soft or hard reversion.
“ENG FAIL L or R” is displayed if
the engine speed is below idle. This can occur during an engine failure.
“ENG IDLE DISAGREE” is displayed if
one engine is at approach idle and the other engine is at minimum idle.
“ENG LIMIT PROT L” and / or “ENG LIMIT PROT R” is displayed if the commanded N1
exceeds the maximum N1.
This can occur when operating in the hard alternate mode and the thrust levers are manually moved to full power.
“ENG REV LIMITED L or R” is displayed on the ground or in the air.
It shows
hat an engine thrust reverser will not deploy or thrust reverse will be limited to idle.
“ENG REVERSER L or R” is displayed if
a fault is detected in the affected engine reverser system.
“ENG RPM LIMITED L or R” is displayed when engine control is limiting the affected engine thrust to prevent
N1 or N2 from exceeding the RPM operating limit.
This can occur if manually advancing the thrust levers and a possible excessive RPM is detected.
“ENG SHUTDOWN” is displayed when both engines have been shutdown on the ground by
the fuel control switches or the fire switches.
“ENG SHUTDOWN L or R” is displayed when one engine has been shutdown in flight by
a fuel control switch or a fire switch.
“ENG THRUST L or R” is displayed if
an engine is not producing the commanded thrust.
