Flight Controls Flashcards
What are the 3 axis an aircraft rotates about or around
Lateral
Horizontal
Vertical
What are the 3 primary flight controls
Alierons
Elivators
Rutter
What does the alerions control in flight
1.Roll of the aircraft
2.to rotate the aircraft about its longitudinal axis
What does the elevators control
- Pitch of the aircraft
- Rotating about the lateral axis
What does the Rutter control
- Used to control the yaw of the aircraft
- Rotates the aircraft about the vertical axis
What are the two fixed stablizers with two moveable Rutters
Ruttervators
What is a part ahead of the CG and wing loading surface to provide longitudinal stablilty
A Canard
What is the camber of the wing
It is the curvature of the wing.
What is adverse yaw
Movement of the nose in the wrong direction at the beginning of a turn
What is the function of spoilers
Helping the alerons by spoiling the lift on one wing to make it downward . Or spoiling the airflow over the wing to become turbulant.
What is the angle of incidence
An acute angle formed between the chord line of an airfoil and longitudinal axis of the aircraft
What is used for additional roll control and used at low speed flight
1.Flaps are lowered
2.And the inboard and outboard alerons work together
3. Spoilers to spoil the airflow
What is Evelons used on
They are used on aircraft that do not have an empanage.
* they are moveable control surfaces on the trailing edge of a delta wing or a flying wing aircraft. These surfaces operate together to serve as elevators, and differently to act as ailerons.
What is used to control pitch
Elevators
What is a stabilator
A single-piece horizontal tail surface that serves the function of both the horizontal stabilizer and the elevators. The stabilator pivots about its front spar.
What is a canard
A horizontal control surface mounted ahead of the wing to provide longitudinal stability and control.
What is the function of the Rudder
1.used for correction of adverse yaw
2. Used for cross wind takeoff and landings
What does some Aircraft have a spring on the rudder
For automatic control when rolling . This helps prevent excessive roll which could cause a stall.
What is the primary purpose of the secondary controls
To assist or modify the effect of the primary controls
What are flaps
- Most common method for modifying lift
2.most are commonly found on the trailing edge of a wing
What is plain flaps? What is there operation?
1.Solid flaps that hinge at a point.
2. Used to increase the camber of the wing
3.it increases lift while increasing drag
What is split flaps? And what is it’s function?
1.One single piece that drops down.
2. Also increases lift and more drag than plain flaps
What is slotted flaps? What is their function?
- There is a slot between the leading edge of the flap and inner surface.
- It delays the airflow separation by allowing some air to flow over to maintain airflow stability.
What is Fowler flaps? What is it’s function?
- Move along a set of tracks to increase the chord of the wing
- Creates the greatest amount of lift with the least change in drag
What is triple slotted flaps? What is it’s function?
1.Slides out on tracks and can go into three different positions.
2. Delays the airflow over the wing to provide additional lift
What are leading edge flaps? What is it’s function?
1.Also called dropped leading edge flap
2.It increases the camber of the wing
3.Allows a higher angle of attack
What are Kruger flaps? What is it’s function?
1 it’s a leading edge flaps.
2. It increases the camber of the wing when lowered
3.controlled by the movement of the trailing edge flaps
What are slats? What are their functions.
1.It forms the leading edge of a wing when retracted.
2. When extended it forms a duct to force high energy air across the surface to delay airflow separation
3.slides on track when in flight
What are spoilers. What is their function?
- Hinged points ahead of the flaps
- Used to assist in roll controls
- Also used to help in parasitic drag
- Used as speed breaks
* flight controls that are raised up from the upper surface of a wing to destroy, or spoil, lift. Flight spoilers are used in conjunction with the ailerons to decrease lift and increase drag on the descending wing. Ground spoilers are used to produce a great amount of drag to slow the airplane on its landing roll.
What are tabs? What are the functions of the tabs?
- There on the trailing edge of flight controls
2.there used for trimming an aircraft for correct altitude at flight - Suppose to trim out of a permanent out of balance position
What are trim tabs? What is the function of the trim tab?
A small control cable mounted on the trailing edge of a moveable control surface. The tab may be adjusted to provide an aerodynamic force to hold the surface on which it is mounted deflected to trim the aircraft for hands off flight at a specified airspeed.
What are balance tabs? What function does the balance tab perform?
An adjustable tan mounted on the trailing edge of a control surface to produce a force that aids in the pilot in moving the surface. The tab is automatically actuated in such a way it moves in the direction opposite of the control surface on which it is mounted to.
What are servo tabs? What is there function?
Small moveable tab built into the trailing edge of a primary control surface of and airplane. The cockpit controls move the tab in such a direction that it produces an aerodynamic force that moves the surface on which it is mounted.
What are spring tabs? What are their function?
- Used to help the pilot move the controls under high speed flight conditions
2.it attaches to the control horn to the tortion rod and is used to move the controls at high speed flight
What is an Antiservo tab? What is the function?
A tan installed on the trailing edge of a stabilator to make it less sensitive. The tab automatically moves in the same direction as the stabilator to produce and aerodynamic force that tries to bring the surface back into a stream line position. Also know as the anti balance tab.
What is a torsion rod?
A device in a spring tab to which the control horn is attached. For normal operation, the torsion rod acts as a fixed attachment point, but when control surface loads are high, the torsion rod twist and allows the control horn to deflect the spring tab.
What is a jack screw?
A hardened steel rod with strong threads cut into it. A jackscrew is rotated by hand or with a motor to apply a force to lift an object.
What is a delta airplane
An airplane with a triangular- shaped wing. The wing has an extreme amount of sweepback on its leading edge that almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the airplane.
Aka fighter jets
What is banking of an aircraft
The act of rotating an aircraft about its longitudinal axis.
What is differential aileron control
Aileron movement in which the up-ward moving aileron deflects a greater distance than the one moving downward. The up aileron produces parasitic drag to counteract the induced drag caused by the down aileron.
Used to counteract adverse yaw
What are speed brakes
A secondary control of an airplane that produces drag without causing a change in pitch attitude of the airplane. Speed brakes allow and airplane to make a steep descent without building up excessive forward airspeed.
What is stablilty
The characteristic of an aircraft that causes it to return to its original flight condition after it has been disturbed.
What is controllability
The characteristic of an aircraft that allows it to change its flight attitude in response to pilot movement of the cockpit control
What is an adjustable stabilizer
These stabilizers pivot about the rear spar, and a jackscrew controlled from the cockpit raises or lowers the leading edge.
What is a balance panel
A flat panel that is hinged to the leading edge of some ailerons that produces a force which assist the pilot in holding them deflected. The balance panel divides a chamber ahead of the aileron in such a way that when the aileron is deflected downward.
What is a bungee spring
Some airplanes have a spring tension controlled by the pilot in the cockpit . Allows for a hands off flight at desired airspeed.
What is an elevator down spring
A control system that tires to lower the elevator. This is used to lower the nose of the aircraft when the trim tab looses its effectiveness and reduces stall at lower speeds
What is the most common type of steel cable used on cable driven aircraft
High- strength steel cable
What range does the cables sizes run from
1/32-1/4
What is the most common type of cable used on primary controls
1/8 inch 7x19 extra flexible cable
What are the 3 type of cable terminals
Threaded cable
Fork-end cable
Eye-end cable
What is a fair lead
It is used to protect the cable and the structure
Where is pulleys installed at
Where the cable must change direction
What is the common type of actuation system in helicopters
Push-pull rods
What is a torque tube
A tube in an aircraft control system that transmits a torsional force the operating control to the control surface
Where is the instructions for assembly and rigging of an aircraft control cables
Manufactures maintenance manual
TCDS
What must sometimes be built to support wings
A cradle
Where is leveling instructions found
TCDS
What is the dihedral?
A positive angle formed between the lateral axis of an airplane and a line which passes through the center of the wing or the horizontal stabilizer
Where is the horizontal stabilizer located?
Right in front of the elevator
How can a dihedral be adjusted?
By changing the length of the strut that attaches to the front wing spar.
How is the angle of incidence of cantilever wings changed?
By adjusting eccentric bushings
What does it mean to wash in an aircraft wing
Twisting the wing to increase the angle of incidence near the tip
What does it mean to wash out and aircraft wing
Twisting the wing to decrease the angle of incidence near the tip
What is a symmetry check
A check of an airframe to determine that the wings and tail are symmetrical about the longitudinal axis
What can unbalance of the flight cables lead to
Fluttering of the controls
What do you check static balance with
With a control surface balance fixture
What’s the 1st thing u do when rigging the ailerons
Lock the control yoke in positions
