Flea control Flashcards
After hatching and immediately accessing a suitable host approx. how long does it take for a female flea to begin egg production?
24-36 hours
On average, how many eggs does a female flea lay per day?
40-100
85-95% of adult fleas emerge from the pupal cocoon over what time period from the point of egg laying?
3-12 weeks
What multiple of her body weight (in blood) does a female flea consume in a day?
15x
What is the active ingredient in Frontline
Fipronil
What is the active ingredient in advantage?
Imidacloprid
What is the active ingredient in Stronghold?
Selamectin
Which active ingredient is most effective at killing fleas?
Nitenpyram
What tapeworm are fleas the vector for?
Dipylidium caninum
Which flea control products are neonicotinoids?
Nitenpyram (oral)
Imidoclopramide (topical)
Neonicotinoids
Nitenpyram (oral) and imidacloprid (topical)
Highly selective insect nAChR agonists that cause persistent neurone depolarisation and paralysis
Nitenpyram begins killing fleas within 30mins
§ Short duration is a major issue (completely excreted within 48hours)
Imidacloprid spreads over the skin surface and hair coat within 12 hours
§ Prolonged action @ 1 month
Looking for something that kills fleas as quickly as nitenpyram but with a prolonged duration of action
Seresto collars
Claiming 8 month efficacy vs fleas and ticks
Imidacloprid and flumethrin (repellent for ticks)
Can be given to cats and to dogs
Comfortis
Advantages of nitenpyram and lasts for a month
Discontinued as brilliant at flea control but doesn’t do much for other parasites
Laners
Oral tablets
Isoxazoline insecticides
Alfoxolaner or fluralaner (bravecto)
Dramatic increase in duration of action
Chewable tablets
ingested during blood feeding
killing fleas more quickly and with greater efficiency
counterintuitive with respect to flea allergic dermatitis.
Do have potential side effects
Fluralaner
Bravecto
Novel isoxazoline insecticide
High selectivity for arthropods
Blocker of GABA & L-glutamate gated Cl-channels
prevents flea (Ctenocephalides felis) reproduction in vitro and in a simulated home environment
Adulticide
Potent inhibitors of flea reproduction
Larvicidal at very low concentrations
Alfoxalaner
Nexguard
Novel isoxazoline insecticide
High selectivity for arthropods
Blocker of GABA & L-glutamate gated Cl-channels
prevents flea (Ctenocephalides felis) reproduction in vitro and in a simulated home environment
Adulticide
Potent inhibitors of flea reproduction
Larvicidal at very low concentrations
Sarolaner
Simparica
Novel isoxazoline insecticide
High selectivity for arthropods
Blocker of GABA & L-glutamate gated Cl-channels
prevents flea (Ctenocephalides felis) reproduction in vitro and in a simulated home environment
Adulticide
Potent inhibitors of flea reproduction
Larvicidal at very low concentrations
Lotilaner
Credelio
Novel isoxazoline insecticide
High selectivity for arthropods
Blocker of GABA & L-glutamate gated Cl-channels
prevents flea (Ctenocephalides felis) reproduction in vitro and in a simulated home environment
Adulticide
Potent inhibitors of flea reproduction
Larvicidal at very low concentrations
Potential side effects of isoxazolines (laners)
Potential for neurological adverse events (e.g. seizures)- incidence is low enough for these drugs to be considered safe and effective
Be very careful if the dog has a history of seizures, and if a dog comes in having had a seizure ask about their flea control measures
Degree of mammalian toxicity was underestimated
Spot on flea treatments
Activyl
Bravecto topical solution
Stronghold plus
Simparic trio
Corporate specific products
Activyl
Spot on for dogs and cats
Indoxacarb (pro-insecticide)
Novel oxadiazine insecticide
100% efficacy for 4 weeks on cats
Metabolised inside flea to more active form ‘Bioactivation’
Insect selective Na+ channel blocker
Tightly focused on fleas
Bravecto topical solution
Fluralaner
Spot on
Stronghold plus
Combined insecticides in a new product
Selamectin and sarolaner
Spot on
Simparica trio
Moxidectin, pyrantel, sarolaner
Covers a whole variety of parasites
Environmental flea treatment
Mechanical (washing bedding, hoovering)
Chemical (hot spots) - usually contain adulticide (permethrin) and growth hormone regulator (e.g. methrin)
Perhaps: reserve for when they have a heavy infestation +/- people being bitten when using the new products e.g. laners
