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SA Dermatology > Flea control > Flashcards

Flea control Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

After hatching and immediately accessing a suitable host approx. how long does it take for a female flea to begin egg production?

A

24-36 hours

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2
Q

On average, how many eggs does a female flea lay per day?

A

40-100

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3
Q

85-95% of adult fleas emerge from the pupal cocoon over what time period from the point of egg laying?

A

3-12 weeks

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4
Q

What multiple of her body weight (in blood) does a female flea consume in a day?

A

15x

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5
Q

What is the active ingredient in Frontline

A

Fipronil

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6
Q

What is the active ingredient in advantage?

A

Imidacloprid

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7
Q

What is the active ingredient in Stronghold?

A

Selamectin

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8
Q

Which active ingredient is most effective at killing fleas?

A

Nitenpyram

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9
Q

What tapeworm are fleas the vector for?

A

Dipylidium caninum

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10
Q

Which flea control products are neonicotinoids?

A

Nitenpyram (oral)
Imidoclopramide (topical)

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11
Q

Neonicotinoids

A

Nitenpyram (oral) and imidacloprid (topical)

Highly selective insect nAChR agonists that cause persistent neurone depolarisation and paralysis

Nitenpyram begins killing fleas within 30mins
§ Short duration is a major issue (completely excreted within 48hours)

Imidacloprid spreads over the skin surface and hair coat within 12 hours
§ Prolonged action @ 1 month

Looking for something that kills fleas as quickly as nitenpyram but with a prolonged duration of action

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12
Q

Seresto collars

A

Claiming 8 month efficacy vs fleas and ticks

Imidacloprid and flumethrin (repellent for ticks)

Can be given to cats and to dogs

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13
Q

Comfortis

A

Advantages of nitenpyram and lasts for a month

Discontinued as brilliant at flea control but doesn’t do much for other parasites

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14
Q

Laners

A

Oral tablets

Isoxazoline insecticides

Alfoxolaner or fluralaner (bravecto)

Dramatic increase in duration of action

Chewable tablets

ingested during blood feeding

killing fleas more quickly and with greater efficiency

counterintuitive with respect to flea allergic dermatitis.

Do have potential side effects

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15
Q

Fluralaner

A

Bravecto

Novel isoxazoline insecticide

High selectivity for arthropods

Blocker of GABA & L-glutamate gated Cl-channels

prevents flea (Ctenocephalides felis) reproduction in vitro and in a simulated home environment

Adulticide

Potent inhibitors of flea reproduction

Larvicidal at very low concentrations

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16
Q

Alfoxalaner

A

Nexguard

Novel isoxazoline insecticide

High selectivity for arthropods

Blocker of GABA & L-glutamate gated Cl-channels

prevents flea (Ctenocephalides felis) reproduction in vitro and in a simulated home environment

Adulticide

Potent inhibitors of flea reproduction

Larvicidal at very low concentrations

17
Q

Sarolaner

A

Simparica

Novel isoxazoline insecticide

High selectivity for arthropods

Blocker of GABA & L-glutamate gated Cl-channels

prevents flea (Ctenocephalides felis) reproduction in vitro and in a simulated home environment

Adulticide

Potent inhibitors of flea reproduction

Larvicidal at very low concentrations

18
Q

Lotilaner

A

Credelio

Novel isoxazoline insecticide

High selectivity for arthropods

Blocker of GABA & L-glutamate gated Cl-channels

prevents flea (Ctenocephalides felis) reproduction in vitro and in a simulated home environment

Adulticide

Potent inhibitors of flea reproduction

Larvicidal at very low concentrations

19
Q

Potential side effects of isoxazolines (laners)

A

Potential for neurological adverse events (e.g. seizures)- incidence is low enough for these drugs to be considered safe and effective

Be very careful if the dog has a history of seizures, and if a dog comes in having had a seizure ask about their flea control measures

Degree of mammalian toxicity was underestimated

20
Q

Spot on flea treatments

A

Activyl

Bravecto topical solution

Stronghold plus

Simparic trio

Corporate specific products

21
Q

Activyl

A

Spot on for dogs and cats

Indoxacarb (pro-insecticide)

Novel oxadiazine insecticide

100% efficacy for 4 weeks on cats

Metabolised inside flea to more active form ‘Bioactivation’

Insect selective Na+ channel blocker

Tightly focused on fleas

22
Q

Bravecto topical solution

A

Fluralaner

Spot on

23
Q

Stronghold plus

A

Combined insecticides in a new product

Selamectin and sarolaner

Spot on

24
Q

Simparica trio

A

Moxidectin, pyrantel, sarolaner

Covers a whole variety of parasites

25
Q

Environmental flea treatment

A

Mechanical (washing bedding, hoovering)

Chemical (hot spots) - usually contain adulticide (permethrin) and growth hormone regulator (e.g. methrin)

Perhaps: reserve for when they have a heavy infestation +/- people being bitten when using the new products e.g. laners

SA Dermatology (20 decks)

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