Antibiotic pharmacology Flashcards
Cephalexin
1st generation cephalosporin
B-lactam antibiotic
Bactericidal
Inhibits mucopeptide cell wall synthesis resulting in osmotic instability
Excellent G+ve cover
Poor G-ve cover
Low freq. adverse effects
○ GI upsets may occur via alteration of gut flora
Give with small amount of food?
○ 22-30mg/kg po bid
Co-amoxyclav (e.g. clavaseptin)
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
B-lactam antibiotic/binds to bacterial B-lactamases
Bactericidal
Inhibits mucopeptide cell wall synthesis resulting in osmotic instability
Excellent G+ve cover
G-ve cover vs E. coli
Low frequency adverse effects
○ GI upsets may occur via alteration of gut flora
Give with small amount of food?
○ 15mg/kg po bid
Clindamycin
Lincosamide antibiotic (lincomycin and erythromycin)
Bacteriostatic or bactericidal
Bind to 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria & inhibit protein synthesis
Most G+ve cocci susceptible but not MRSP
Also effective vs some protozoa
Low frequency adverse effects
○ GI upsets may occur via alteration of gut flora
Give with small amount of food?
○ Care wrt oesophagitis/stricture in cats
○ Range of doses
Cefovectin (e.g. convenia)
Subcut injection
Cephalosporin antibiotic (3rd generation)
Bacteriocidal
Same mechanism of action vs cell wall synthesis
Long T 1/2 post injection (highly protein bound)
UK licensed for skin and soft tissue infections vs Staph/Strep/Pasteurella/E. coli/Proteus
Fluoroquinalones (enro/marbo/pradofloxacin)
Bactericidal
Inhibitor of DNA gyrase so prevents DNA synthesis
Significant effect vs G+ve and G-ves
Staph/pseudomonas/E. coli
Weak anaerobic activity
Resistance is increasing concern
Adverse effects
○ GI upsets
○ Rare reports of increased hepatic enzymes
○ Articular cartilage abnormalities in growing animals
○ Care wrt blindness in cats with enrofloxacin/marbofloxacin
○ Care with BM suppression in dogs
