Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SA Dermatology > Examples of viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases > Flashcards

Examples of viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Picornaviruses causing skin lesions

A

Foot and mouth disease
- cell vacuolation and cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pestiviruses causing skin disease

A

BVD/MD
- shallow ulcers that extend out from mouth to lips and commisures of mouth

Border disease
- damages hair follicles so hair produced not wool
- ‘Hairy shakers’
- hypertrophy of primary follicles and medullation of wool fibres

Swine fever
- virus replication in vascular endothelium
- generalised petechiation - echymoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Morbiliviruses causing skin disease

A

Distemper
- hyperkeratosis of foot pads
+/- sensitivity of nares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Papillomaviruses

A

non enveloped, grow slowly in vivo in epithelia, mainly skin and other squamous epithelium

species (all domestic animals) and site specific (cutaneous, mucocutaneous or oral) infecting squamous epithelium.

mainly associated with benign proliferative masses

The most common type of cutaneous infection with papillomaviruses results in papilloma, wart or cutaneous papillomatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pathogenesis of papillomavirus infection

A

Increased cellular activity: mitosis and proliferation
-> hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis (non-productive infeciton)

VIrion production
-> cellular degeneration, cell death (productive infection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gross findings in papillomavirus infections

A

Diverse

Alopecic, flat, or papilliferous tumours

Oral papillomatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Microscopic findings in papillomavirus

A

Epidermal hyperplasia, acanthosis

Epidermal hyperkeratosis

Cellular degeneration

Intranuclear inclusion bodies

Increased proliferation of fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diagnosis of papillomavirus infections

A

Clinical history (lesions)

Biopsy

PCR

TEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Oral papillomatosis in dogs

A

Warts affecting puppy’s mouth not uncommon - cauliflower-like on lips, inside mouth, pharynx.

Spreads readily in kennels > serious inconvenience.

Incubation period 4-8 weeks - only oral mucosa and nearby skin can be infected.

Spontaneous regression occurs after 1-5 months. Recovered dogs are immune.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cutaneous papillomatosis in dogs

A

Less common than oral papillomatosis

Tends to be older dogs

Regress very slowly

Not clear if papillomas > squamous carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Poxviruses than can cause skin disease

A

Cowpox

Pseudocowpox

Contagious pustular dermetitis (Orf)

Swine pox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pox viruses

A

epitheliotropic

Can cause zoonosis and contagious ecthyma

Localised or systemic

May be transmitted via resp tract or via arthropods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pathogenesis of poxviruses

A

Occurs in focal areas as macule, papule, vesicle, umbilicated pustule, crust and scar.

Attacks the epidermis mainly - causes balloon degeneration and vacuolation of cells of prickle cell layer.

Followed by dermal oedema, vascular dilation and perivascular lymphocytic and neutrophilic infiltrate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Histology of poxviruses

A

Virus masses in cytoplasm show as intracytoplasmic inclusions (eosinophilic).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Protection from poxviruses

A

Afforded by live attenuated vaccine given by inoculation in scarified skin surface.

Inactivated vaccines give hardly any protection.

Virus generally tough - can live in environment for long periods - > months - > years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes cowpox

A

An orthopoxvirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Incidence of cowpox

A

sporadic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Epidemiology of cowpox

A

Not clear

Sporadic outbreaks and long gaps between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which animals are most affected by cowpox

A

More important in zoo animals and cats in the UK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cowpox in domestic cats

A

generally skin condition.

Focal pustules on legs and head - resolving in about 2 months.

Ulcerated and crusted macule or plaques on face.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cowpox in cattle

A

Generally papules and vesicles developing on skin of udder and teats, and on the muzzle of sucking calves.

A thick red crust, 1-2 cm in diameter develops, gradually clear over several weeks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cowpox in humans

A

relatively severe reaction of hands, arms, and face.

Occurs in children with no cow contact.

23
Q

Histological findings in cowpox

A

Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in keratinocytes or other epithelial cells.

24
Q

Gross findings of cowpox

A

Ulcerative dermatitis

25
Q

Treatment of cowpox

A

None.
DO NOT treat cats with corticosteroid as makes condition worse.

26
Q

Bacterial skin infections

A

Normal flora can cause skin damage if the normal equilibrium is disrupted or the skin barriers are broken.

seen more frequently in dogs than in other species.

epidermitis, dermatitis, paniculitis, folliculitis, etc

27
Q

Common aetiology of superficial pyoderma

A

Staphylococcus pseudointermedius

28
Q

Which layers of skin does a superficial pyoderma involve?

A

Epidermis and upper infundibulum of hair follicles

29
Q

Which layers of skin does a deep pyoderma involve?

A

Hair follicles, dermis, subcutaneous tissue

30
Q

Impetigo or superficial pustular dermatitis

A

Dogs, cats, cows, piglets, does, ewes

Coagulase positive Staphylococcus sp.

31
Q

Superficial spreading pyoderma

A

Dogs

Staph. intermedius

32
Q

Mucocutaneous pyoderma

A

German Shepherd Dogs

Bacteria

33
Q

Dermatophilosis

A

Cattle, sheep, and horses

Dermatophilus congolensis

34
Q

Exudative epidermatitis

A

Pigs

Staphylococcus hyicus

35
Q

Ovine fleece rot

A

Sheep

Pseudomonas spp.

36
Q

Gross findings of superficial pyoderma

A

Erythema, papules, pustules and crusts

Usually of short duration and heal without scarring

37
Q

Pathogenesis of superficial pyoderma

A

Allergy, seborrhoea, immune deficiency + Staph. spp

-> intraepidermal pustular dermatitis

Either
-> suppurative dermatitis
Dermal congestion
oedema

-> Erythema, alopecia, papules, pustules, crust
-> peripheral expanding rings of scales

OR
-> rupture

-> crust and scale formation

38
Q

Microscopic findings in superficial pyoderma

A

Subcorneal pustular dermatitis, hyperplastic epidermatitis, and crust

39
Q

Aetiology of deep pyoderma

A

Staphs, Streps, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, E. coli, Proteus spp, Pseudomonas spp.

Bacterial infections -> hair follicles, dermis, subcutis

40
Q

Staphylococcal folliculitis and furunculosis

A

Occurs in dogs, horses, goats, and sheep

41
Q

Impetigo

A

A superficial pustular dermatitis that does not include hair follicles

Coagulase positive staphylococci are usually associated

42
Q

Mycobacteriosis skin disease

A

Granulomatous to pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis.

Cats, dogs, and cattle.

43
Q

Species causing Mycobacteriosis skin disease

A

Different species of Myocabterium can be involved such as tuberculosis, bovis, microti, lepraemurium, and fortuitum.

44
Q

Pathogenesis of mycobacteriosis

A

microorganisms invade the dermis and are very resistant to the immune response and produce a chronic inflammation and in some cases typically a granuloma, pyogranuloma or panniculitis.

45
Q

Diagnosis of mycobacteriosis

A

Acid fast stains (Ziehl Neelsen)

Granulomatous or pyogranuloamtous inflammation on histology

PCR

46
Q

Fungal skin infections

A

more common in animals in which immunity is compromised.

can be superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous and systemic.

47
Q

Commonest fungal skin disease

A

superficial ones and are caused by dermatophytes producing “Ringworm”.

48
Q

Pathogenesis of fungal skin infection

A

Young animals, compromised immune system, broken skin

+ Overcrowded, dirty or damp, hot and humid, inadequate nutrition

+ Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermaphyton

-> proteolytic enzymes

-> Fungal hyphae

-> Arthrospores

-> Epidermal hyperplasia and dermal inflammation

49
Q

Diagnosis of fungal skin disease

A

Clinical history (lesions)

Scraps

Biopsy

PAS stain

50
Q

Site of infection of fungal skin diseases

A

stratum corneum, hair, claw, and horn.

51
Q

Dermatophytes

A

(Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton) (ringworm) -
animals, especially cats, young animals, zoonosis!

Worldwide and more common in hot and humid environment.

52
Q

Cutaneous Mycetoma

A

Curvularia spp., Scedosporium / Pseudallescheria complex

granuloma

53
Q

Malassezia dermatitis

A

Yeasts

Most commonly found in dogs and cats with erythema, alopecia, lichenification, hyperpigmentation, hyperkeratosis, and red-brown discolouration of claws

SA Dermatology (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions