FLASH CARD SET FOR TEST #2

Question 1

What is span of apprehension

Answer 1

The Number of Items that a person can apprehend or grasp at one time

7 Minus 2 Rule (millers rule)

Question 2

What is Sperling’s partial report procedure test?

Answer 2

The person taking the test is given a array of letters (3x3 box etc) and after the letter is presented a signal is given that indicates which row to remember

Question 3

What does Sperilings Partial Report Procedure Prove?

Answer 3

Investigated the capacity and duration of iconic memory

• Patients were able to recall a significantly higher proportion of letters using partial report procedure
• Sensory memory was quite extensive but has a RAPID DECAY RATE

Question 4

What are some Characteristics of sensory memory ?

Answer 4

• Very brief and a Fraction of a second

-Modality Specific
* Capacity is long buf fleetings and fragile

Question 5

What are the five Modalities?

Answer 5

• Haptic
• Echoic
• Iconic
• Olfactory
• Gustatory

Question 6

What is Acoustic Confusion?

Answer 6

Acoustic confusion is the effect caused when a person’s verbal memory mishears or misremembers a word and then only recalls the similar sounding substituted word in their verbal recall.

Question 7

What were the two Studies for Acoustic Confusiom?

Answer 7

• Participants recalled spoken letters which were presented with noise
  o Participants confused acoustically similar letters (Like M and N or B and D
• Particpants recalled visually present letters
  o Particpants oftend confused letters that sound the same

Question 8

What is Atkinson-S\hiffrin’s model of memory ?

Answer 8

• Early but Inflluential Model of Memory
• Human memory has 3 separate parts

SM
WM
LTM

Question 9

What are the three parts of Atkinson-Shiffrin’s model of memory?

Answer 9

Sensory Memory
Working Memory
Long Term memory

Question 10

What is Sensory Memory?

Answer 10

o Constantly being taken in and processing information
o Transfers over to Working Memory (STM)

Question 11

What is Working Memory?

Answer 11

o Holds Information for Short Period of Time
o Can Store 5 to 9 Pieces of information (Millers Rule

Question 12

What is Long Term memory in Akitnson Shiffrins Model?

Answer 12

o Information is transferred over from Working Memory
o Needs to be rehearsed to be put into LongTerm Memory
o Long Lasted and unlimited

Question 13

What are some Critics of Atkinson Shiffrins model of memory?

Answer 13

o There are multiple store for different modaltiies
o Later research showd there are atleast two subsytems
 Verbal Information
 Visuospatial Information
o Assumes you can only do one thing at a time ( One Resource)

Question 14

What is the Case of H.M?

Answer 14

• After surgery to alleviate epliepsty that removed large parts of the HIPPOCAMPUS
• They were left with the inability o form new Explicit Memories

Question 15

What is Explicit Memory?

Answer 15

• Knowledge about facts or Events
  -must be consciously recalled

Two Parts
Episodic
Semantic

Question 16

What are the different types of memories?

Answer 16

Explicit
- Episodic
- Semantic

Implicit
- Motor Skills
- Repitition Priming
- Conditioning

Question 17

What is Episodic memory?

Answer 17

Part of Explicit Memory
 Memory for Specific Events that occurred at particular time and

Question 18

What is Semantic Memory?

Answer 18

Storage of General knowledge

Question 19

What are the four Parts of Semantic Memory?

Answer 19

 Facts: Formed Immediately/ Things that are simply facts
* NYC is the largest city in the US by Population
 Events: Ideas that represent a class of objects or evens or their properties
* Tables: There are many different designs and types of tables
 Schema: A Collectio of basic knowledge about a concept or entity like what you think should be in a office
 Script

Question 20

What is Implicit Memory?

Answer 20

• AUTOMATIC
• Does not need to be consciously recalled just instinctually known
• Like playing baseball

Question 21

What are three parts of Implicit Memory?

Answer 21

o Motor Skills
o Repetition Priming
o Conditioning

Question 22

What is the spreading Activation model?

Answer 22

• Concepts are organized based on semantic relatedness
• Like a Large web of Ideas
• The closer two concepts are the more similar they are
• Once a node is activated it spreads to nearby concepts

Question 23

What is Priming?

Answer 23

• person’s response to a subsequent stimulus (the target)
  Ex: The Idea of A hospital evokes ideas of Doctrs and Nursed ETC

Question 24

What are the Factors that affect memory encoding ?

Answer 24

• Emotions
• Adaptive Processing
  o Things that are critical for survival are better rmemebered
• Intention to learn
  o IT DOES NOT HELP MEMORY
• Reptition
  o It does Improve

Question 25

what are Sensitivity of memory tasks ?

Question 26

What are Transfer Appropriate Processing?

Answer 26

Memory performance is enhanced if the task at encoding matches the task at retrieval

Question 27

What is Context Dependent Memory?

Answer 27

Participants recalled more if the context of encoding and retrieval were consistent

Question 28

What is False memory?

Answer 28

Memory is influenced by exposure to misleading information after the event has taken place

Question 29

Why does Forgetting Occur?

Answer 29

• Decay
  o Memory Fades away over time
• Interference
  o Retroactive interference
• New memory interferes the long-term retention of old memory
  o Proactive Interference
   * Old memory interferes recent memory
• Repression/ Supression
  o Intentinal Forgeting

Question 30

Example of Transfer Appropriate Processing?

Answer 30

An example of this is how when a sound is associated with a memory, recall is enhanced.

Question 31

Example of Context Dependent Memory?

Answer 31

Remembering directions you just learned while you are driving