Chapter 6: Long Term Memory Flashcards
What are the two types of Longterm memory?
Explicit
Implicit
What is Explicit LTM
- Knowledge about facts or events
- Must be Consciously Recalled
What is Implicit LTM?
Automatic Capabilities or Procedure
You Dont need to conciously recall it its just known insitncutally almost
Like playing baseball
What are the two parts of Explicit Memory?
Episodic
Semantic
What is Semantic Memory?
Memory for General Knowledge
What are the four parts of semantic memory?
- Facts
- Concept
- Schema
- Script
What are Semantic Memory Facts?
- may be formed immediately
- Things that are just facts
Ex: NYC is the largest city in the US by Population
What is Semantic Memory COncept?
An Idea that represents a class of objects or events or their properties
Ex: Table
- There are many types of tables
- Its important for categorization and communication
What is Semantic Memory Schema?
A Collection of basic knowledge about a concept or entity
Ex: The Concept of what a office is grouping together all those concepts
- Printer
- Desk
- Etc
Its a Abstraction that simplifies a persons world
Guides perceptions interpretations and problem solving
What was the Office Schema Study?
Participants placed in a waiting room “Office” without typical office items
- When asked to repeat what objects they saw they said there were typical office items that aren’t normally there
What is Script in Semantic Memories?
A Schema of routine Actitives
Ex: Your typical day of going to classes and the “Script” of routines you follow like eating, exercising etc
What is Episodic Memory?
Memory for Specific Events that occurred at a particular time and place
What are some Characteristics of Episodic Memory?
Temporal Order of Events
Specific and tied to personal experiences
What is Autobiographical Memory?
The Episodic Memory that is really important to ones life
Ex: First Date, Marriage, Graduation., Accident Etc
What are three parts of Implicit LTM?
Motor Skills
Repetition Priming
Conditioning
What is Priming?
The Exposure to one Stimulus (the prime) influence a persons response to a subsequent stimulus (The Target)
Ex: Behavior Priming
Using Polite words —> More helpful behavior
BAd
Dog
What is Associative Learning?
Learn to Associate a stimulus with an unconditioned response
Classical Conditioning
What are the two models of how we organize semantic Memory?
Hierarchical Model
(Older Model)
Spreading Activation Model (Newer Model)
What is the Hierarchical Model?
We Create a hirearchy of categories (like a pyrimad) that links ideas and concepts
What is a example of the Hierarchical Model?
Animal (at Top)
- Has Skin
- Can Move Around
- Eats
- Breathes
Lower Level
Bird
- Has wings
- can fly
- Has feather
Fish
- Has fins
- Can Swim
- Has Gills
Bird Connects to:
Canary
Fish Connects to:
Shark
What do people believe about the hirearchial model?
The Speed of retrival depends on the hierarchical distance from the top
What are some Limitations or Critiques about the hiearchal model?
Unfamiliarity rather than hierarchical distance
- Which is quicker
“A Canary Can Move Around” or “a Canary has skin”
Typicality effect
- Which is Quicker to remember
“A Canary is a bird”
“An Ostrich is a bird.”
Rigid Categories but many concepts are ambiguous or Vague.
“A Pumpkin is a Fruit”
Properties may not be inherited
- Ostrich is a Bird but Cannot Fly
What is the Spreading Activation Heory?
Concepts are organized based on semantic reltatness
- not Hierarchical
- The closer two concepts
-One a one node is activated it can trigger similar ideas or emotions
Jump
Ground Hog
Metal
Rain
Sun
Higher Tempatures
Flowers
Easter
Bunnys
Sunny
Green
Eggs
March Madness
Leprechauns
Red Heads
Ireland
St Patricks Day
Pot of gold
