Flamborough Head To Saltburn And Nile Delta Flashcards
The 4 reasons why beaches are uncommon here
- Minimal fluvial deposits
- LSD prevented by irregularly shaped coastline
- Destructive waves erode sediment
- Lots of chalk=solution
Examples of beaches
Whitby and Saltburn
Background
NE coastline Discordant coastline Fetch 1500km Prevailing wind NE Direction of LSD:N to S
How much sediment was deposited in Saltburn from 2008 to 2011?
9248 m^3
What are the cliff made of
Horizontally bedded chalk (sedimentary)
Why are the cliffs steep?
Wave cut notches
What is on top of the cliffs?
Permeable glacial till which slopes at a 40 degree angle
What is robin hoods bay made of
Shale (soft rock)
Wave cut platflorms are
1-15 degrees
Headlands
Ravenscar and Nesspoint
(Nile Delta) background
It is the longest river in the world at 6650 km
Catchment area: +3 million km2
Discharge: low/slow. <3000 m/s
Distributaries begin at Cairo, +160 km inland
Physical factor influencing the Nile- prevailing wind
NW
60% of waves come in from NW
landforms form facing NW
Physical factor effecting the Nile Delta- seasonal changes
Current velocity decreases in the autumn(4.46 cm/s) vs summer (9.26 cm/s)
Most waves are depositional so there are depositional landforms like tombolos and spits (alexandria and port said)
Why was the Aswan dam (1960) built? (Nile delta)
Preventing flooding at the delta (people live there)
How is the Aswan dam damaging the delta?(Nile delta)
When water is stopped at the dam, it loses energy causing deposition to happen before it can can get to the delta
This, in turn causes desertification
Accumulation of sediment at the dam?(Nile delta)
Went from 120 million tonnes/yr to trace amounts
(Nile delta) coastal retreat?
100m/ yr
What is the impact of rising sea levels? (Nile delta)
Salinity intrusion which causess soil infertility
What % of Egypt’s food is grown domestically? (Nile delta)
60%
Why may soil infertility put strain on economy? And facts (Nile delta)
More imports for food and the population is rising
Pop. Growth= 2 million per yr
Imports cost $15 bn annually
Egypt is one of the largest importers of strategic crops
Selwick’s bay: what causes the different landforms to form? How many geos are there? Give an example of a stack here?
Wave refraction attacks sedimentary rock and forms caves, geos and blowholes
Over 50 geos here
Green stacks pinnacle
Why is there slumping?
Glacial till is permeable but the chalk below it is impermeable. When it rains, water gets in between the two, causing slumping
