Flamborough Head To Saltburn And Nile Delta

Question 1

The 4 reasons why beaches are uncommon here

Answer 1

1. Minimal fluvial deposits
2. LSD prevented by irregularly shaped coastline
3. Destructive waves erode sediment
4. Lots of chalk=solution

Question 2

Examples of beaches

Answer 2

Whitby and Saltburn

Question 3

Background

Answer 3

NE coastline
Discordant coastline
Fetch 1500km
Prevailing wind NE
Direction of LSD:N to S

Question 4

How much sediment was deposited in Saltburn from 2008 to 2011?

Answer 4

9248 m^3

Question 5

What are the cliff made of

Answer 5

Horizontally bedded chalk (sedimentary)

Question 6

Why are the cliffs steep?

Answer 6

Wave cut notches

Question 7

What is on top of the cliffs?

Answer 7

Permeable glacial till which slopes at a 40 degree angle

Question 8

What is robin hoods bay made of

Answer 8

Shale (soft rock)

Question 9

Wave cut platflorms are

Answer 9

1-15 degrees

Question 10

Headlands

Answer 10

Ravenscar and Nesspoint

Question 11

(Nile Delta) background

Answer 11

It is the longest river in the world at 6650 km

Catchment area: +3 million km2

Discharge: low/slow. <3000 m/s

Distributaries begin at Cairo, +160 km inland

Question 12

Physical factor influencing the Nile- prevailing wind

Answer 12

NW

60% of waves come in from NW

landforms form facing NW

Question 13

Physical factor effecting the Nile Delta- seasonal changes

Answer 13

Current velocity decreases in the autumn(4.46 cm/s) vs summer (9.26 cm/s)

Most waves are depositional so there are depositional landforms like tombolos and spits (alexandria and port said)

Question 14

Why was the Aswan dam (1960) built? (Nile delta)

Answer 14

Preventing flooding at the delta (people live there)

Question 15

How is the Aswan dam damaging the delta?(Nile delta)

Answer 15

When water is stopped at the dam, it loses energy causing deposition to happen before it can can get to the delta
This, in turn causes desertification

Question 16

Accumulation of sediment at the dam?(Nile delta)

Answer 16

Went from 120 million tonnes/yr to trace amounts

Question 17

(Nile delta) coastal retreat?

Answer 17

100m/ yr

Question 18

What is the impact of rising sea levels? (Nile delta)

Answer 18

Salinity intrusion which causess soil infertility

Question 19

What % of Egypt’s food is grown domestically? (Nile delta)

Answer 19

60%

Question 20

Why may soil infertility put strain on economy? And facts (Nile delta)

Answer 20

More imports for food and the population is rising

Pop. Growth= 2 million per yr

Imports cost $15 bn annually

Egypt is one of the largest importers of strategic crops

Question 21

Selwick’s bay: what causes the different landforms to form? How many geos are there? Give an example of a stack here?

Answer 21

Wave refraction attacks sedimentary rock and forms caves, geos and blowholes

Over 50 geos here

Green stacks pinnacle

Question 22

Why is there slumping?

Answer 22

Glacial till is permeable but the chalk below it is impermeable. When it rains, water gets in between the two, causing slumping