FIXATIVES Flashcards
1
Q
Preserving fresh tissue for examination
A
FIXATION
2
Q
First and most critical step
A
FIXATION
3
Q
preserve the morphologic and chemical
integrity of the cell in as life-like manner as possible
A
Primary aim
3
Q
Duration of fixation:
A
2-6hrs
4
Q
fixative are not taken in, facilitates the removal
of water in order for cross-links to form
A
Non-Additive
4
Q
harden and protect the tissue from
process and handling
A
Secondary aim
5
Q
the fixative is taken in and become part of the tissue
A
additive
6
Q
Light microscopy osmolality
A
400-450 mOsm
6
Q
Duration of fixation for EM
A
3hrs
7
Q
most common general fixative
A
10% Neutral buffered formalin (NBF) osmol
7
Q
mportant in maintaining the micro-environment of cells
A
OSMOLALITY
7
Q
aka tonicity
A
OSMOLALITY
7
Q
Routine Automated: tempt
A
40
8
Q
10% Neutral buffered formalin (NBF) osmol
A
1500mOsm/kg
8
Q
Electron Microscopy osmol
A
340 mOsm
8
Q
Formalin at 60°C
A
urgent biopsies
9
Q
Routine Manual: tempt
A
20 to 22°C
9
Q
Formalin at 100°C
A
diagnosis of TB
10
Q
DNA tempt
A
65
10
Q
Electron Microscopy tempt
A
0 to 4
11
Q
RNA tempt
A
45
11
Q
thickness for light micro
A
2cm^2
11
Q
microwave tempt
A
65
11
Q
thickness for EM
A
1-2mm^2
12
Width: for light microscopy
0.4cm
13
made of 2 or more fixatives
Compound fixatives
14
made up of only one component substance
simple fixatives
14
To improve the demonstration of particular
substances.
Secondary Fixation
14
For cytoplasmic structures
Flemming's w/o acetic acid:
15
To ensure complete hardening and preservation
Secondary Fixation
15
Process of removing excess fixative from the tissue after fixation in order to improve staining and remove artefacts from the tissues
washing out
15
For special staining techniques possible (with
secondary fixative acting as a mordant).
Secondary Fixation
16
a form of secondary fixation whereby a primarily fixed tissue is placed in aqueous solution of 2.5-3% potassium dichromate for 24hours to act as
mordant
Post-Chromatization
16
fixes fats and recommended for fixing nuclear structures
Flemming's w/ acetic acid:
16
for better staining effects and to aid in cytologic preservation of tissues
Post-Chromatization
17
most rapid fixative for brain tissue for rabies
diagnosis and fix chromosomes
Carnoy's
17
alcohol fixa for sputum
Gendre's/Alcoholic formalin:
17
better & less messy than Bouin's that is good for glycogen
BRASIL'S ALCOHOLIC
18
alcohol fixa for mucopolysaccharides
Newcomer's
19
glacial solidifies at what tempt
17
20
For nucleoproteins, chromosomes (fixative)
Glacial Acetic Acid
21
Excellent for glycogen demonstration
Pitric Acid Fixatives
21
Highly explosive when dry
Pitric Acid Fixatives
21
for embyros and glycogen
bouin's
22
Yellow stain is useful for small biopsies
Pitric Acid Fixatives
23
fixative that is Suitable for aniline dyes
Pitric Acid Fixatives
24
Remove yellow color by and followed by
70% ethanol; 5% sodium thiosulfate & running water
25
Demonstration of acid mucopolysaccharides
LEAD FIXATIVE
25
stain used for corneal biopsy
alcian blue stain
26
preserves carbohydrates
Chromic acid:
27
demonstration of chromatin, mitochondria, mitotic figures, golgi bodies, RBC and colloid
containing tissues (thyroid)
Regaud's fluid (Muller's)
28
preserves lipids and mitochondria
Potassium Dichromate
29
study of early degenerative processes and tissue necrosis demonstration of Rickettsia, bacteria and myelin
Orth's fluid:
30
fixative for adipose tissue specifically phospholipids
FORMOL-CALCIUM
30
fixative for bone marrow biopsy
B-5 Fixative
30
fixative for liver, spleen, CT fiber and nuclei
Zenker’s Fluid
30
fixative for tumor biopsy
Hedenhain's Susa:
30
removal of HgCI deposit
Dezenkerization
30
fixatives for pituitary gland, bone marrow and blood containing
organ (spleen and liver)
Zenker-Formol(Helly's)
30
fixative for surgical biopsy
ACROLEIN
31
Most common metallic fixative
MERCURIC CHLORIDE
32
fixative For electron histochemistry and electron
immunocytochemistry
KARNOVSKY’S PARAFORMALDEHYDE GLUTARALDEHYDE
33
fixative used for rapid diagnosis
ALCOHOLIC FORMALIN (GENDRE’S FIXATIVE)
33
alde fixa that uses with osmium tetroxide
GLUTARALDEHYDE
33
used to fix sputum, since it coagulates mucus (with the addition of alcohol)
ALCOHOLIC FORMALIN (GENDRE’S FIXATIVE)
34
immunoperoxidase studies on tissues
ALCOHOLIC FORMALIN (GENDRE’S FIXATIVE)
35
alde fixa For electron microscopy
GLUTARALDEHYDE
36
good for preservation of glycogen and for microincineration
ALCOHOLIC FORMALIN (GENDRE’S FIXATIVE)
37
alde fixa that preserves plasma proteins
GLUTARALDEHYDE
37
best fixative for iron-containing tissues
10% NEUTRAL BUFFERED FORMALIN
37
fixation of CNS Tissues and General post-mortem tissues = autopsies
10% FORMOL SALINE
37
Forms cross links or methylene bridges with proteins
FORMALDEHYDE/FORMALIN
37
for routine paraffin sections, electron microscopy, histochemistry and enzyme studies
Aldehyde Fixatives
38
Glycogen histochem fixa
Rossman's fluid/Cold Absolute Alcohol
38
alde fixa that preserves enzymes and proteins
10% FORMOL SALINE
38
phospholipids histochem fixa
Baker's formol calcium
39
Cholesterol histochem fixa
digitonin
40
lipids histochem fixa
mercuric chloride/potassium dichromate
