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HISTOCYT > FIXATIVES > Flashcards

FIXATIVES Flashcards

1
Q

Preserving fresh tissue for examination

A

FIXATION

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2
Q

First and most critical step

A

FIXATION

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3
Q

preserve the morphologic and chemical
integrity of the cell in as life-like manner as possible

A

Primary aim

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3
Q

Duration of fixation:

A

2-6hrs

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4
Q

fixative are not taken in, facilitates the removal
of water in order for cross-links to form

A

Non-Additive

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4
Q

harden and protect the tissue from
process and handling

A

Secondary aim

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5
Q

the fixative is taken in and become part of the tissue

A

additive

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6
Q

Light microscopy osmolality

A

400-450 mOsm

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6
Q

Duration of fixation for EM

A

3hrs

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7
Q

most common general fixative

A

10% Neutral buffered formalin (NBF) osmol

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7
Q

mportant in maintaining the micro-environment of cells

A

OSMOLALITY

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7
Q

aka tonicity

A

OSMOLALITY

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7
Q

Routine Automated: tempt

A

40

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8
Q

10% Neutral buffered formalin (NBF) osmol

A

1500mOsm/kg

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8
Q

Electron Microscopy osmol

A

340 mOsm

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8
Q

Formalin at 60°C

A

urgent biopsies

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9
Q

Routine Manual: tempt

A

20 to 22°C

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9
Q

Formalin at 100°C

A

diagnosis of TB

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10
Q

DNA tempt

A

65

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10
Q

Electron Microscopy tempt

A

0 to 4

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11
Q

RNA tempt

A

45

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11
Q

thickness for light micro

A

2cm^2

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11
Q

microwave tempt

A

65

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11
Q

thickness for EM

A

1-2mm^2

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12
Q

Width: for light microscopy

A

0.4cm

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13
Q

made of 2 or more fixatives

A

Compound fixatives

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14
Q

made up of only one component substance

A

simple fixatives

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14
Q

To improve the demonstration of particular
substances.

A

Secondary Fixation

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14
Q

For cytoplasmic structures

A

Flemming’s w/o acetic acid:

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15
Q

To ensure complete hardening and preservation

A

Secondary Fixation

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15
Q

Process of removing excess fixative from the tissue after fixation in order to improve staining and remove artefacts from the tissues

A

washing out

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15
Q

For special staining techniques possible (with
secondary fixative acting as a mordant).

A

Secondary Fixation

16
Q

a form of secondary fixation whereby a primarily fixed tissue is placed in aqueous solution of 2.5-3% potassium dichromate for 24hours to act as
mordant

A

Post-Chromatization

16
Q

fixes fats and recommended for fixing nuclear structures

A

Flemming’s w/ acetic acid:

16
Q

for better staining effects and to aid in cytologic preservation of tissues

A

Post-Chromatization

17
Q

most rapid fixative for brain tissue for rabies
diagnosis and fix chromosomes

A

Carnoy’s

17
Q

alcohol fixa for sputum

A

Gendre’s/Alcoholic formalin:

17
Q

better & less messy than Bouin’s that is good for glycogen

A

BRASIL’S ALCOHOLIC

18
Q

alcohol fixa for mucopolysaccharides

A

Newcomer’s

19
Q

glacial solidifies at what tempt

A

17

20
Q

For nucleoproteins, chromosomes (fixative)

A

Glacial Acetic Acid

21
Q

Excellent for glycogen demonstration

A

Pitric Acid Fixatives

21
Q

Highly explosive when dry

A

Pitric Acid Fixatives

21
Q

for embyros and glycogen

A

bouin’s

22
Q

Yellow stain is useful for small biopsies

A

Pitric Acid Fixatives

23
Q

fixative that is Suitable for aniline dyes

A

Pitric Acid Fixatives

24
Q

Remove yellow color by and followed by

A

70% ethanol; 5% sodium thiosulfate & running water

25
Q

Demonstration of acid mucopolysaccharides

A

LEAD FIXATIVE

25
Q

stain used for corneal biopsy

A

alcian blue stain

26
Q

preserves carbohydrates

A

Chromic acid:

27
Q

demonstration of chromatin, mitochondria, mitotic figures, golgi bodies, RBC and colloid
containing tissues (thyroid)

A

Regaud’s fluid (Muller’s)

28
Q

preserves lipids and mitochondria

A

Potassium Dichromate

29
Q

study of early degenerative processes and tissue necrosis demonstration of Rickettsia, bacteria and myelin

A

Orth’s fluid:

30
Q

fixative for adipose tissue specifically phospholipids

A

FORMOL-CALCIUM

30
Q

fixative for bone marrow biopsy

A

B-5 Fixative

30
Q

fixative for liver, spleen, CT fiber and nuclei

A

Zenker’s Fluid

30
Q

fixative for tumor biopsy

A

Hedenhain’s Susa:

30
Q

removal of HgCI deposit

A

Dezenkerization

30
Q

fixatives for pituitary gland, bone marrow and blood containing
organ (spleen and liver)

A

Zenker-Formol(Helly’s)

30
Q

fixative for surgical biopsy

A

ACROLEIN

31
Q

Most common metallic fixative

A

MERCURIC CHLORIDE

32
Q

fixative For electron histochemistry and electron
immunocytochemistry

A

KARNOVSKY’S PARAFORMALDEHYDE GLUTARALDEHYDE

33
Q

fixative used for rapid diagnosis

A

ALCOHOLIC FORMALIN (GENDRE’S FIXATIVE)

33
Q

alde fixa that uses with osmium tetroxide

A

GLUTARALDEHYDE

33
Q

used to fix sputum, since it coagulates mucus (with the addition of alcohol)

A

ALCOHOLIC FORMALIN (GENDRE’S FIXATIVE)

34
Q

immunoperoxidase studies on tissues

A

ALCOHOLIC FORMALIN (GENDRE’S FIXATIVE)

35
Q

alde fixa For electron microscopy

A

GLUTARALDEHYDE

36
Q

good for preservation of glycogen and for microincineration

A

ALCOHOLIC FORMALIN (GENDRE’S FIXATIVE)

37
Q

alde fixa that preserves plasma proteins

A

GLUTARALDEHYDE

37
Q

best fixative for iron-containing tissues

A

10% NEUTRAL BUFFERED FORMALIN

37
Q

fixation of CNS Tissues and General post-mortem tissues = autopsies

A

10% FORMOL SALINE

37
Q

Forms cross links or methylene bridges with proteins

A

FORMALDEHYDE/FORMALIN

37
Q

for routine paraffin sections, electron microscopy, histochemistry and enzyme studies

A

Aldehyde Fixatives

38
Q

Glycogen histochem fixa

A

Rossman’s fluid/Cold Absolute Alcohol

38
Q

alde fixa that preserves enzymes and proteins

A

10% FORMOL SALINE

38
Q

phospholipids histochem fixa

A

Baker’s formol calcium

39
Q

Cholesterol histochem fixa

A

digitonin

40
Q

lipids histochem fixa

A

mercuric chloride/potassium dichromate

HISTOCYT (4 decks)

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