DECAL

Question 1

aka demineralization

Answer 1

DECALCIFICATION

Question 2

calcium or lime salts are removed from tissues
following fixation

Answer 2

DECALCIFICATION

Question 3

Wash the decalcified
specimen for

Answer 3

24-48 hrs

Question 4

Quantity of decal solution:

Answer 4

> 20 vol. of specimen

Question 5

most common and fastest decal agent

Answer 5

5%-10% Nitric Acid

Question 5

Rapid acting, good nuclear staining decal agent

Answer 5

Formol-Nitric Acid

Question 6

Lessen yellow tissue discoloration by 5% sodium sulfate or 0.1% urea

Answer 6

Formol-Nitric Acid

Question 6

Decalcifying and tissue softener but slow acting

Answer 6

Perenyi’s

Question 6

silver impregnation of nerve fibers

Answer 6

De Castro’s Fluid

Question 6

slower, greater tissue distortion decal agent

Answer 6

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

Question 6

Most rapid, poor nuclear staining

Answer 6

Phloroglucin-Nitric Acid

Question 7

Must be removed by 3 changes of 70-90% ethanol

Answer 7

Phloroglucin-Nitric Acid

Question 7

duration for small specimens

Answer 7

1 to 3 weeks

Question 7

calcium ions are attracted to a

Answer 7

negative electrode (cathode)

Question 7

Simple, reliable and recommended for routine
purposes (test)

Answer 7

Chemical Test

Question 8

best general decalcifying agent and fixative

Answer 8

5% Formic acid

Question 8

Buffer solution for electrophoresis

Answer 8

8% HCL + 10% Formic acid

Question 8

Excellent nuclear and cytoplasmic staining

Answer 8

5% Formic acid

Question 8

Very weak, for minute bone pieces

Answer 8

Sulfurous Acid

Question 9

Slow; not recommended for urgent examinations.

Answer 9

Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA)

Question 9

duration for dense cortical bone

Answer 9

6 to 8 weeks:

Question 9

Highly corrosive, carcinogenic and an environmental hazard

Answer 9

Chromic Acid (Flemming S)

Question 9

Removal of calcium and exchanged with ammonium ions from ammonium-sulfonated polystyrene

Answer 9

ION EXCHANGE RESIN

Question 9

aka muriatic acid

Answer 9

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

Question 9

ph level that allows binding and does not destroy tissue components

Answer 9

pH 7.0 to 7.4 (neutral):

Question 9

Fixative and decalcifier

Answer 9

Chromic Acid (Flemming S)

Question 10

If there are small amounts =

Answer 10

ppt will show after 10 Mins

Question 10

uses ammonium-sulfonated polystyrene + formic acid

Answer 10

Resins

Question 10

Dissolution of calcium by an acid

Answer 10

ION EXCHANGE RESIN

Question 10

safe choice for decalcification

Answer 10

*formic acid

Question 10

may cause swelling or make tissues soapy

Answer 10

molliflex

Question 10

Calcified specimen which are 2-3mm thick could be decalcified within

Answer 10

2 to 3hrs

Question 10

for urgent diagnosis

Answer 10

for urgent diagnosis

Question 10

Ideal and reliable, expensive, not applicable on mercuric chloride fixed tissues (test)

Answer 10

Radiologic test

Question 10

Washing Out: to remove acids in Small specimen

Answer 10

30 mins

Question 10

neutralization agent for post decal

Answer 10

2% LiCo 5 to 10% NaHCO3

Question 10

If large amount of calcium is present

Answer 10

= immediate precipitation

Question 10

Washing Out: to remove acids large specimen

Answer 10

1-4hrs

Question 11

Complete decalcification

Answer 11

Clear fluid