Five Component Model by Faye

Question 1

What did Faye describe as the 5 components of vertebral subluxations?

Answer 1

1) Neuropathophysiology
2) Kinesiopathophysiology
3) Myopathology
4) Histopathology
5) Pathophysiology (Biochemical)

Question 2

Biomechanical insult to nerve tissue is proposed to cause neural dysfunction in what three forms, individually or in combination?

Answer 2

1) Irritation or sustained hyperactivity
2) Compression or mechanical insult
3) Decreased axoplasmic transport

Question 3

Irritation results in facilitation
Irritation of the anterior horn cell exhibits _____; lateral horn cell exhibits _____; and posterior horn cell exhibits _____.

Answer 3

Ant Horn - Hypertonicity or Muscle Spasm
Lat Horn - Vasomotor or Hypersympathetic Vasoconstriction
Post Horn - Sensory changes or Hyperesthesia

Question 4

Compression or mechanical insult (pressure, stretching, angulation or distortion) in the IVF results in _____.

Answer 4

Degeneration

Question 5

Degeneration is exhibited as what 3 results?

Answer 5

1 - Muscle Atrophy
2 - Anesthesia
3 - Sympathetic Atonia

Question 6

Decreased axoplasmic transport alters _____ of cells or structures that are dependent on this trophic (growth) influence expressed via the nerve.

Answer 6

Development, Growth, & Maintenance

Question 7

Acute (Irritation) Facilitated:

• Ant Horn
• Lat Horn
• Post Horn

Answer 7

Ant - Hypertonicity / Muscle Spasm
Lat - Sympathetic Vasomotor
Post - Hyperesthesia

Question 8

Chronic (Compression) Inhibited:

• Ant Horn
• Lat Horn
• Post Horn

Answer 8

Ant - Atrophy
Lat - Sympathetic Atonia
Post - Anesthesia (hypoesthesia)

Question 9

Described as hypomobility, diminished or absent joint play, or segmental hypermobility due to compensation.

Answer 9

Kinesiopathophysiology

Question 10

Lack of appropriate joint motion is proposed to be associated with a variety of nociceptive and mechanoreceptive reflex functions that include _____.

Answer 10

Proprioception

Question 11

Early manifestation of a chronically fixated vertebral articulation is what?

Answer 11

Shortening of ligaments as an adaptation to limited ROM

Question 12

Kinesiopathophysiology is the cornerstone model of chiropractic because it’s the goal of the adjustment to _____.

Answer 12

Restore Motion

Question 13

Component that may include spasm or hypertonicity of muscles as a result of compensation, facilitation, Hilton’s law, or any combination.

Answer 13

Myopathology

Question 14

What is Hilton’s Law?

Answer 14

A nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscles which move the joint and the skin covering the articular insertion of those muscles.

Question 15

Myopathology:
Acute condition?
Chronic condition?

Answer 15

Acute - SPASM

Chronic - ATROPHY

Question 16

This component relates to inflammation; including pain, heat and swelling and can result from trauma, hypermobile irritation, or can occur as part of the repair process.

Answer 16

Histopathology

Question 17

What are the 5 signs of Inflammation?

Answer 17

1. Redness (rubor)
2. Heat (calor)
3. Swelling (tumor)
4. Pain (dolor)
5. Loss of Function (functio laesa)

Question 18

This component relates to the hormonal and chemical effects or imbalances related to the pre-inflammatory stress syndrome and the production of histamines, prostaglandins, and bradykinins (pro-inflammatory).

Answer 18

Pathophysiology (Biochemical)