Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Principles (1.4) > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory impulses from the periphery to the posterior horn of the spinal cord

A

Afferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The perception of pain from a normally non-painful stimulus

A

Allodynia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pathological fusion of bones across a joint

A

Ankylosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Made up of any two vertebral bodies & an intervertebral disc; weight bearing

A

Anterior Motion Segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Type II nerve injury
Physical disruption of the axon with Wallerian degeneration results in temporary paralysis and sensory changes.
Intact sheath of Schwann allows recovery in weeks to months.
Partial reaction of degeneration.

A

Axonotmesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Released from damaged muscle tissue; inflammatory process and sensitizes nociceptors

A

Bradykinin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Small, slow, non-myelinated nerves carrying pain sensation; nociceptors

A

C fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

An increase in strain of a material that occurs during constant stress from loading.
It is a deformation of a viscoelastic tissue to a constant, steadily applied load.
In the body, the structure may or may not return to its original length or shape.

A

Creep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Innervate the skin and intrinsic muscles of the back

A

Dorsal rami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Seen in nerve root compression; pain pattern follows course of a dermatome; sharp or burning pain; radicular pain.

A

Dermatogenous Pain Pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Motor impulses from the Anterior Horn of the spinal cord to the periphery.

A

Efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The tendency of tissue under load to return to its original size and shape after removal of the load.
Rubber bands and ligaments are examples

A

Elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds individual nerve fibers

A

Endoneurium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds entire nerve and its major branches

A

Epineurium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Responsible for direction of motion (directional guidance)

A

Facets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Increase in afferent stimuli causes a decreased threshold for firing.
Continued stimulation result in hyperactive responses

A

Facilitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Receptors located at the end of muscle that detect muscle tension.
Inhibits muscle contraction when stimulated

A

Golgi Tendon organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Treats patients with heavily diluted preparations (primarily from plant and mineral sources) which are thought to cause effects similar to the symptoms presented.

A

Homeopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Presence of excess blood in the vessels supplying a particular region of the body hyperactive responses
(Hypersympathicotonia)

A

Hyperemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

An effect of constant loading and unloading of a tissue.
This repetition may cause the elastic limit to be exceeded.
In the body it can be thought of as overuse (leaning forward)

A

Hysteresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Intra-articular synovial tabs; may prevent a joint from having full mobility

A

Meniscoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Functional unit of the spine consisting of two vertebral bodies, the disc in between those bodies, the articular facets, as well as the ligaments binding the two vertebrae to one another.

A

Motion Segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What makes up the Anterior & Posterior Motion Segments in the spine?

A

Anterior: VB’s & Disc
Posterior: Articular Facets

24
Q

A receptor that is sensitive to the length (stretch) of intrafusal fibers.

A

Muscle Spindle

25
Q

Type I nerve injury
A local nerve conduction block (nerve pressure or blunt trauma) with no physical disruption of the axon results in transient paralysis, slight sensory changes, and no reaction of degeneration.
Recovery is usually in hours to days.

A

Neurapraxia

26
Q

Type III nerve injury
The most serious degree of nerve injury
It involves the disruption of the nerve and the sheath
Full reaction of degeneration with no recovery possible

A

Neurotmesis

27
Q

Sensory receptors sensitive to pain

A

Nociceptor

28
Q

Focus was on the “Rule of the Artery” and the use of nonspecific manipulation to enhance the flow of blood

A

Osteopathy

29
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds smaller bundles of nerve fibers

A

Perineurium

30
Q

The property of a material that instantly deforms when a load is applied and does not return to its original shape when the load is removed
(ex: Bone)

A

Plasticity

31
Q

Articular facets; responsible for the directional guidance; mechanoreceptors and nociceptors surround this

A

Posterior Motion Segment

32
Q

Receptors in muscles, tendons and joints that detect position and motion of the body, facets, or SI joint
Pain is dull in nature
Poorly localized

A

Sclerotogenous Pain Pattern

33
Q

Recurrent branches of the primary dorsal rami of the spinal nerves that innervate the fascia, ligaments, periosteum, intervertebral joints & intervertebral disc of the vertebrae.

A

Sinu-Vertebral Nerve

aka Recurrent Meningeal Nerve

34
Q

Sinu-Vertebral (Recurrent Meningeal Nerve) goes to the PLL, Ligamentum Flava, Anterior Dura, but NOT to the _____.

A

ALL

35
Q

Essentially refers to skin, bone, nerve & muscle.

A

Soma (Somatic)

36
Q

Related to growth and nutrition

A

Trophic

37
Q

Run through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae (beginning at C6)

A

Vertebral arteries

38
Q

Obstruction of the transverse foramina in cervical spine may lead to _____.

A

Vertebral Artery Insufficiency

39
Q

Innervate the skin and muscles of the trunk and limbs

A

Ventral rami

40
Q

Essentially refers to autonomic organs, blood, and lymph vessels

A

Viscera (Visceral)

41
Q

The principle that maintains the laws of physics and chemistry cannot explain the nature of life.

A

Vitalism

42
Q

LAW:

Bone is shaped by the forces placed on it or the lack of force as in immobilization

A

Wolff’s Law

43
Q

LAW:
The trunk of a nerve sends branches to a particular muscle, the joint moved by the muscle, and the skin overlying the insertion of the muscle. Altered nerve activity to a muscle may be associated with altered nerve activity to the segmentally related spinal joints.

A

Hilton’s Law

44
Q

LAW:
Increased epiphyseal pressure leads to decreased growth and vice versa
(ie: Scheuermann’s Disease)

A

Heuter-Volkman’s Law

45
Q

LAW:

Anterior horn of the cord is motor while Posterior horn is sensory.

A

Bell-Magendie Law

46
Q

The sensation perceived by the examiner during passive ROM of a joint.

A

End Feel

47
Q

The normal resistance felt when joint motion is restricted by soft tissue (elbow flexion).

A

Soft Tissue Approximation

48
Q

An abrupt halt as two hard surfaces meet. Full ROM has been achieved (elbow extension).

A

Bony

49
Q

Guarded, resisted by muscular contraction. Should feel muscle reaction. End feel cannot be asserted because of pain or guarding. Possible contraindication to adjusting (torticollis).

A

Spasm

50
Q

Perceived as a hard arrest with a slight give. May indicate a sub-acute to chronic arthritis (RA)

A

Capsular Feel

51
Q

Slight “rebound” at the end of ROM may suggest an internal derangement of the joint as in a meniscus teat (+ bounce home test)

A

Springy Block

52
Q

Pain is felt by the patient before full ROM is achieved. Suggests possible pathology (bursitis, abscess, neoplasm)

A

Empty Feel

53
Q

A secondary fixation due to chronic involuntary hypertonicity of muscles. Palpates as deep, taut, and tender fibers. Exhibits restricted mobility and a rubbery end block (acute torticollis).

A

Muscular

54
Q

A chronically fixated segment may lead to ligamentous shortening. Palpates as an abrupt hard block with no end play with normal ROM (chronic whiplash).

A

Ligamentous

55
Q

A major fixation due to intra-articular adhesion. The joint has no end movement and is painful when challenged. May become ankylosed (frozen shoulder).

A

Articular/Capsular

56
Q

Fixation due to exostosis. The joint exhibits free motion up to a point where there is an abrupt, complete, hard arrest (advanced DJD).

A

Bony

Principles (1.4) (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions