Fitness Assessments Flashcards
Subjective assessments
Fitness assessments that require observation or a subjective, opinion-based measure.
Objective assessments
Fitness assessments that collect repeatable, measurable data such as body composition or circumference measurement
THE HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT (HIPAA)
An American legislation designed to protect the health care data, information, and payment details of patients
Initial interview packet
The first health and liability intake forms that a client will complete before beginning to work with a fitness professional.
Client intake form
A basic intake form to gather a client or potential client’s demographic information and general health history.
Physical activity readiness questionnaire
An intake form to assess a client’s readiness to begin a physical activity program and assess injury potential.
Health history questionnaire
A detailed client intake form that gathers information on a client’s present and past health and medical history.
Physicians letter of clearance
A signed letter from a client’s health care provider stating they are cleared for physical activity and exercise that should also include any restrictions or limitations they should adhere to.
Three day nutrition record
A common fitness and nutrition intake form that allows clients to log their food consumption for three consecutive days to observe their habits.
Client profile
The collection of a client’s health and intake forms, biometric measurements (physical measurements like weight, height, etc.), training plan, and liability waivers.
Contraindications
Factors that serve as a reason to withhold training because of harm that it may cause.
Metabolic equivalent (Mets)
The measure of the ratio of a person’s expended energy to their mass while performing physical activity
Body composition
The physical makeup of the body considering fat mass and lean mass
Lean body mass
The fat-free mass of the body calculated by total weight minus the weight of bodyfat.
Chronic disease
A condition lasting a year or more that limits daily activities and/or requires ongoing medical attention.
Amenorrhea
The absence or cessation of a menstrual cycle in females.
Body mass index
A predictive health measure of weight divided by height squared.
BMI = weight (kg) / height (m2)
Waist to height ratio
An objective assessment to measure cardiometabolic risk.
the waist circumference divided by the client’s height.
Waist-to-height ratio = (waist circumference / height) × 100 for imperial; do not use 100 for metric
Circumference or girth measurements
The measurement of the circumference of specific body regions
Waist to hip ratio
A predictive health measure comparing the circumference of the waist to the circumference of the hips.
WHR = waist circumference / hip circumference
Body density
The compactness of the body determined by dividing its mass by its volume.
Bio electrical impedance analysis
A method for body composition measurement using a weak electrical current to measure the resistance of body tissues.
Hydrostatic weighing
A tool to measure body composition using water displacement and tissue density
DUAL ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY (DEXA
An X-ray scanning test to determine body composition
Osteoporosis
A skeletal condition that results in weak or brittle bones
Dyspnea
Difficulty or labored breathing
Resting heart rate
The measure of heart rate when completely at rest
Hypertension
High blood pressure reading more than 140/90 mm Hg.
Vo2 max
The maximum amount of oxygen an individual can use during exercise
Ventilatory threshold
The threshold where ventilation increases faster than the volume of oxygen
Cooper 12-Minute Run
The total distance completed (walk/run/combination) is recorded at the end of 12 minutes
(35.97 × miles completed) − 11.29 = estimated VO2 max
(22.35 × kilometers completed) − 11.29 = estimated VO2 max
Rockport one mile walk
Males:
139.168 − (0.388 × age) − (0.077 × weight in pounds) − (3.265 × walk time in minutes) − (0.156 × heart rate) + 6.318 = estimated VO2 max
Females:
139.168 − (0.388 × age) − (0.077 × weight in pounds) − (3.265 × walk time in minutes) − (0.156 × heart rate) = estimated VO2 max
Metronome
A device marking time at a selected rate.
Specific warm up
Activities that prepares the body for specific exercise to follow by incorporating movements that mimic the planned activity.
Muscular endurance test
Assessments testing the ability of a muscle group to overcome resistance in as many repetitions as possible.
Muscular imbalance
When the muscle or muscles on one side of the body are stronger, weaker, or more or less active than the corresponding muscle on the other side of the body.
Kinetic chain
A system of links—or joints—in the body that generate and transfer force from one to the other
Kinetic chain checkpoints
The six anatomical locations of predictable movement patterns where movement dysfunctions can be detected
Overactive muscles
Muscles that are shortened beyond the ideal length-tension relationship with high neural activation that feel tight
Under active muscles
Muscles that are shortened beyond the ideal length-tension relationship with high neural activation that feel tight
Muscle synergies
The activation of a group of muscles to generate movement around a particular joint
Muscle force couple
Two or more muscles generate force in different linear directions at the same time to produce one movement
Lumbopelvic hip complex
The musculature of the hip that attaches to the pelvis and lumbar spine and works to stabilize the trunk and lower extremities.
Shoulder girdle
The clavicle, scapula, and coracoid bones of the appendicular skeleton
Closed kinetic chain movement
A movement keeping the distal end of the body segment in action fixed
Open kinetic chain movememt
A movement in which the distal aspect of the body segment in action is free (i.e., not fixed
Static posture
Posture when standing upright and still.
Movement assessments
Observation and critique of movement patterns or exercise form.
Ideal posture
Optimal body positioning and structural alignment.
Lordosis
The excessive inward curve of the lumbar spine
Kyphosis
The exaggerated rounding of the thoracic spine.
Swayback
A posterior tilt with excessive extension of the lumbar spine that protrudes the buttocks.
Scoliosis
The sideways curvature of the spine.
Handedness
The tendency to use one side of the body more naturally than the other.
Knee valgus
The position of the knee near the midline of the body (i.e., knock knees).
Knee varus
The position of the knee away from the midline of the body (i.e., bowlegged)
Q angle
The quadriceps angle formed between the quadriceps muscle and the patellar tendon.
Squat assessment
The movement assessment of body mechanics during a squat with the goal of identifying movement dysfunctions along the kinetic chain.
Overhead squat movement
The movement assessment of the overhead squat with the goal of identifying movement dysfunctions along the kinetic chain.
Reactive training
Quick, powerful movements with an eccentric action followed by an immediate concentric action
Speed
The ability to move the body in one direction as fast as possible
Agility
The ability to move the body in one direction as fast as possible
Quickness
The ability to react and change body position with a maximum rate of force production.
Countermovement
A movement or other action made in opposition to another action.
Plyometric training
Reactive training seeking maximum force in the shortest amount of time.
Stretch shortening cycle
The cycling between the eccentric (stretch) action of a muscle and the concentric (shortening) action of the same muscle.
Resistance training
The category of training that includes physical activities designed to increase muscle mass, improve strength, muscular endurance, or muscular power.
Delayed onset muscle soreness
Muscle pain or stiffness resulting from microtearing of tissue during eccentric muscle action that is felt several days after unaccustomed exercise.
Target heart rate
The estimated beats per minute that needs to be reached to achieve a specific exercise intensity.
Rate of perceived exertion
A subjective sliding scale of a client’s perception of their exercise intensity.
Heart rate zones
Percentages of maximum heart rate associated with a desired physiological adaptation.
Steady state cardio
Exercise that maintains a steady level of exertion from start to finish.
Interval training
Training that varies between high- and low-intensity work to challenge the cardiorespiratory system.
High intensity interval training
Interval training with short intervals at near maximum effort and less intense recovery periods.
