fishing industry Flashcards
background/intro info? (not imp)
Share of gdp = 0.39% in 2020
Pak foreign exchange earnings: exporting fish, shrips and fish products
Fishing = main occupation in coastal settlements of sindh and balochistan
Total ppl emploed in fishing: 379,500, 202,000= marine fishing, 177,500 = inland fishing
fishing areas and methods
Marine fishing:
Paks coastline is divided into Sindh (30%) and Makran (70%) coast
Magrove trees grow in the mouth of distributaries of Indus and Hab deltas
In sindh, Karachi = main fishing centre
Fishing ports on Makran coast = small
Karachi = Paks biggest fishing port, 90% of country’s catch and 95% of exports
Gwadar = being developed as a fishing centre w improved facilities such as an ice factory, refigeration plants etc
Improvements being made at ormara and pasni
2 types of marine fishing:
Subsistence fishing:
Fisherman and his family consume fish they catched
Some fishing communities engaged in this as fish is the main component of their diet
Covectional techniques eg fishing nets, small wooden sailboats the do not go far out to sea
Catch small = not relied on as permenant source of income
Commercial fishing:
Fish sold in market
A number of coastal commmunities depend on fishing as their sole source of income
Two main centres of commercial fishing = karachi and gwadar
Sindh coast = more imp and accounts for most of the total marine catch
Factors accounting for the development of fishing along sindh coast:
Numerous creeks, sheltered harbours, wide shallow sea beyond
Wider continental shelf than makran
Indus delta = rich in food for fish (brought by river indus)
Better export and processing facilities
Commercial fishing:
Tradition sailboats and nets + new techniques
Gill netters
Mechanized boats which have made it possible to fish in the deep sea waters
Though balcoshitan sea is rich in fish, catch is limited due to the use of convectional methods. Improved facilities at gwadar ormara and pasni can help increase this catch
Inland fishing:
Practised in almost all of paks rivers and lakes
Large reservoirs behind dams, lakes of sindh and abandoned rivers or irrigation channels are all utilized for fish farming
Types of inland/fresh water fish
Manaseer
Rahu
Grass silver– chinese species
Palla
Trout
Thalla
fish farms
Rectangular man made ponds for raising fish
concrete/cemented impervious bases to prevent water loss thru leakage
Sides of pond are edged w solidified mud
Trees planted around the pond to provide oxygen, reduce water losses thru evaporation and to keep water cool
This facilitates growth and fertilization of fish
main fishing centres
Manchar lake dadu district
Kalri lake north of thatta
Haleji lake west of thatta
Reservoirs of mangla and tarbela dams
River indus at sukkur, kotri and thatta
govt efforts to develop fisheries
Introduction of new fishing methods
Development of value added products such as cannned or frozen fish by providing fish processing facilities
Guidance and weather info for fishermen thru broadcasting services and govt meteorological departments
Execution of development projects by MFD such as ‘monitorin of deep sea fish vessels’ and ‘strengthening of quality control laboatories.” etc in view of WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION requirements
fish marketing
Pak = domestic and international market for fish products
Domestic level: catch from marine fisherie is supplied to local fish markets thru wholesale dealers
Karachi: street hawkers also buy some of the catch and sell it from door to door
frozen/processed fish only supplied to few large stores in urband areas as ppl prefer to buy fresh fish and prawns rather than processed ones
Local demand for fish less than the catch
Per capita consumption = 2 kg p.a, low compared to the world averge, 16kg p.a
International lvl: pak has market for fish and fish products
30% of total catch is exported worldwide to C, EU, T, M, ME, SL, J
Exports dried and salted fish to countries in SE Asia (chiefly china) and middle east
Earns more than 6% of its total foreign exchange by exporting fish and fish products
expected socio economic benefits of developing fish farms
Fish farming has greater scope for pak bec:
Greater returns for fishermen
More employement opportunities
Use of tech and upgrading skills = more fish production
Favorable impact on foreign exchange earnings
Reduced burden on crops and livestock
problems of the fishing industry
Water pollution
Karachi fish harbor = severely polluted (oil spillage from ships and industrial and domestic waste)
Numerous chemicals, some of which have carcinogenic qualities, toxic materials and heavy metals including cadmium, aluminium and nickel have been found in marine life indulging in prawns, crabs, shrimps, lobsters
These dangerous substances enter food chain when ppl consume them
It is also affecting rivers of Pak
Extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides for agriculture = leach into river system = pollute
B) overfishing
Overfishing of shrimps throughout the year even in breeding szn
This prob is due in the main to foreign trawlers. This limits production of shrimp
c) threat to mangroves:
Mangroves = barriers that protects coast from extreme tides and imp as breeding ground for fish and shrimps
Can not strive in polluted water
d) lack of financial resources:
Pak can not afford to develop its fishing industry on modern lines
Most fishing uses traditional methods = produce low output
Modern tech = increase fish production but requires capital and skilled labour
Traditional ways of handling fish = restriction on its exports ti developed countries
Unreliables income from exports and low proits from fishing industry = decrease investment and keep production low
