Fisheries Reproductive Ecology

Question 1

The essential concept of the Fisheries Reproductive Ecology

Answer 1

Different ways to get to the same goal: Maximize reproductively active offspring relative to available energy and parental life expectancy

Question 2

What are the various types of reproductive strategies?

Answer 2

Semelparity
Iteroparity
Latitudinal variants

Question 3

Semelparity

Answer 3

Spawn once and die

Question 4

Iteroparity

Answer 4

Multiple spawnings over months (annual fishes) or years
Most common, found in most fishes

Question 5

latitudinal Variants

Answer 5

Alosa sapidissimia; south (30-33°) semelparous whereas in the north (41-47°) iteroparous

Question 6

Different sex characteristics

Answer 6

Gonochoristism
Hermaphroditism
Sequential

Question 7

Gonocharistism

Answer 7

Fixed sex (most common)

Question 8

Hermaphroditism

Answer 8

Simultaneous (rare) – able to release both sperm and eggs during same spawning (Serranus])

Question 9

Sequential

Answer 9

Different sexes at different times

Protandry
Protogyny

Question 10

Protandry

Answer 10

Males change to females

Question 11

Protogyny

Answer 11

Females change to males

Question 12

Fertilization Characteristics

Answer 12

External - most common
Internal

Question 13

Parental Care

Answer 13

Nest building, egg guarding, bearing young

Question 14

Parental Care - Internal bearers

Answer 14

Embryonic/larval stage only; usually no care following live birth

Question 15

Parental Care - External Bearers

Answer 15

pre- or post-hatch; forehead, mouth, gill chamber,
skin, pouch

Question 16

Parental Care - Trophic Provisioning

Answer 16

eggs or mucous

Question 17

What are the various types of spawning - site and preparation characteristics

Answer 17

none
substrate choosers
Nest-builders
Broadcast/group spawners
Brood-hiders
Spawning rush

Question 18

What are the most commercially exploited marine fish species?

Answer 18

Iteroparous
Gonochoristic
No sexual dimorphism
External fertilization
No (overt) parental care

Question 19

What are the considerations when analyzing reproduction?

Answer 19

Lifespan

Onset of maturity
Early
Late

Interplay = spawning opportunities

Number and size of eggs

Number of batches/season

Relationship with size/age

Not all eggs are the same!