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Marine Fisheries Science > Age & Growth > Flashcards

Age & Growth Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Somatic Growth?

A

The mechanism and results of fish adding weight
At the individual level: eating more food
Results in an increase in biomass of the stock
Links size and age

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2
Q

Length-Weight models assume growth…

A

is at least a 3-dimensional process
Length, width, and depth

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3
Q

What is the simplest assumption associated with length-weight models?

A

L, W, D change in proportion to one another = isometry

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4
Q

Isomatic Growth

A

relative increase in all dimensions is the same as organism grows

most species do not exhibit isometric growth

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5
Q

allometric growth

A

Growth in one dimension is proportional to some power of the other(s)

relative increase in one dimension is greater than others.

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6
Q

allometric growth

A

Growth in one dimension is proportional to some power of the other(s)

relative increase in one dimension is greater than others.

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7
Q

What type of data does Allometric Models fit well?

A

weight-at-length data

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8
Q

What is the most common length-at-age model applied?

A

von Bertalanffy Growth Model

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9
Q

von Bertalanffy Growth Model

A

Includes maximum length ( L∞)

Rate at which individuals approach L∞ is constant (k)

Can be modified to model
Ontogenetic shifts in growth
Seasonal growth

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10
Q

Who introduced the von Bertalanffy Growth Model and when

A

von Bertalanffy described model in 1938; introduced by Beverton & Holt in 1957

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11
Q

Explain the von Bertalanffy Growth Model

A
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12
Q

How to study somatic growth?

A

Is studied at the individual level but used the physiological process to model growth to understand changes in population biomass

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13
Q

Length & weight are measures of growth when related to …?

A

Age
Length vs Age - How quickly things are growing
Weight vs Age - How heavy things are growing
Length vs Weight

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14
Q

Isometry

A

Same
L,W,D scale up proportionally to each other
Does not happen

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15
Q

When broad size ranges are considered, the allometric model slight, but consistently, overestimates ____________?

A

weight at length for fish at the extremes (small and large)

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16
Q

von Bertalanffy Growth Model

A

Measures how fast that species will take to get its terminal growth.

Can use this to measure Ontogenetic shifts in growth or seasonal growth.

17
Q

L∞

A

Fish have indeterminate growth (L infinity)

L infinity – is the point where they don’t grow much more.

18
Q

t0

A

sometimes called ‘initial condition’ parameter; fish growth begins at hatching

19
Q

High k (time-1)

A

Shorter life span
Low age & size at maturity
High reproductive output

20
Q

Low k

A

Longer life span
Greater age & size at maturity
Lower reproductive output

21
Q

What is another common model used?

A

Gompertz Growth Model

22
Q

Gompertz Growth Model weight at age mostly used for?

A

Used to model the growth of invertebrates, skates, rays & some sharks

23
Q

Gompertz Growth Model Lenth at age model used for

A

Used to model growth of young fish (within the first year)

24
Q

Why do we want to know about age and growth?

A

Life history
Management application

25
Q

Why is life history important?

A

Age at maturity
Birthdates
Spawning period
Survival
Growth rate
Habitat suitability

26
Q

Why is age and growth important to management?

A

Catch- or size-at-age
Selectivity of gear types
Age-structured stock assessments
Recruitment/year class strength

27
Q

How to measure growth

A

Length
Weight
Wet or dry mass
Whole or eviscerated

28
Q

Methods of Aging: Length Frequency

A

Separation of sizes into age
Overlay normal distribution
Modal progression analysis → Growth

Caveats
Better for younger ages
Normality assumption

29
Q

Methods of Aging: Hard Parts

A

Deposition in alternating rings

30
Q

What are the two zones used for aging hard parts?

A

Hyaline zone – translucent, protein-rich ring
Opaque zone – calcium rich layer

31
Q

What are the types of hard parts used for again?

A

scales, vertebrae, spines,

32
Q

What are the caveats for using hard parts for aging?

A

Loss & regeneration (scales)
Resorption (fin spines)
Validate the frequency of rings
Daily, annually, or not

33
Q

Scales used for aging

A

Non-lethal
Environmental and spawning marks
Regenerated

Preparation
Removal
Impressions/mounting
Reading (image analysis)

34
Q

What is an otolith?

A

Organ in the inner ear (Ear stone)

35
Q

What are the three types of otoliths?

A

Sagittus, lapillus, asteriscus

Sagittus is the one that is often used because it often larger than the other two.

36
Q

What are the benefits of using otoliths for aging?

A

Cannot be lost/regrown
No resorption or erosion

37
Q

What are downfalls?

A

Terminal for the fish

38
Q

How to prepare an Otolith:

A

Sectioning
Mounting
Grinding/polishing
Reading (image analysis)

Marine Fisheries Science (26 decks)

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