Fish Diversity Flashcards
What are agnatha?
Lampreys and hagfishes.
What are Gnathostomata?
- Elasmobranchi & holocephali
- Sacropterygii
- Actionpterygii.
What are elasmobranchi & holocephali?
Cartelogenous fishes:
- Elasmobranchi - sharks, skates & rays
- Holocephali - chimeras.
What are sarcopterygii?
Lobe finned fish:
Coelacanth & lungfish.
What are actinopterygii/Osteichthyes?
Ray finned fish:
Teleosts.
What are the main features of teleost fish?
- Size 1 - 15cm
- Most are poikilothermic
- Oviparous
- Mostly carnivorous.
Define Protandrous hermaphrodite.
Male to female e.g
clownfish.
Define protogynous hermaphrodite.
Female to male e.g. parrotfish
Define anadromous.
Freshwater to saltwater e.g. salmon.
Define catadromous.
Saltwater to freshwater e.g. eels.
Define diadromous.
Move between salt and seawater.
Define diadromous.
Move between salt and seawater.
Is fish diversity higher in coastal regions or open ocean?
Coastal - greater variation in habitat and productivity.
What are pelagic fish?
Live in mid water e.g. herring (move in scholls to prevent predation and colouration to blend with sky and water).
What are demersal fish.
Fish living at bottom of ocean.
How to calculate speed of fish.
Stride length x tail beat frequency.
How do you calculate the aspect ratio of a fin?
AR = Span squared/ A is surface area.
What features provide fish with stability?
- Body length
- Eliptical cross section
- Position of median find
- Position of paired fins.
What structures provide fish with buoyancy and hydrodynamic lift?
- Swim bladder
- Oil rich liver (rather than lipids) e.g. sharks
- Planing surfaces (fins).
Define fusiform.
Streamlined, torpedo shaped.
Define sagittiform.
Arrow like.
Define compressiform.
Laterally flattened.
Define anguilliform.
Elongated.
Define globiform.
Spherical.
