Fish communication part 2 Flashcards
What are the different things that fish can make sounds with?
Pharyngeal teeth, swimbladder drumming, stridulation of other hard parts.
How does the freshwater drum make sounds?
Sounds with drumming muscles, fast twitch muscles that vibrate the swimbladder back and forth.
Whats an example species that makes sounds with pharyngeal teeth?
Round Goby
What are other hard parts ot make sounds with?
Pelvic girdle, bones of head
What are neuromasts?
Collection of hair cells.
What is a cupula?
gelatinous capsule sitting over hair cells that functions similar to an otolith
Lateral line will have ______ neuromasts.
canal
Canal neuromasts will detect _____ frequencies than superfical neuromasts.
Higher
What would canal detect vs superficial?
Canal - other fish
Superficial - zooplankton
What happens to predators/prey if knock out neuromasts?
Prey dont escape well, predators dont catch well.
What is the best method to escape a predator?
C-start, wait there until the neuromasts get stimulated, then dart off in the opposite direction.
What is passive electricity?
Emit electrons back and forth
Nerves and muscles work due to ion flow
What is active generation of electricity?
Actively generating electrical impulses.
Use EOD for communication or to stun prey.
What is EOD?
Electric organ discharge.
Electric organ has stacks of modified muscle cells that do not contract.
Get innervated by motor neurons which opens up ion channels, leading to a flow of ions generating an electric field.
What is the jamming avoidance response?
Competing males will actively change the frequency of their electric fields to avoid confusing each other.
This will be for a mating contest.
The subordinate male will have a lower frequency, further away from the desired frequency.
Tuberous organs are sensitive to ____ frequencies, ampullary organs are sensitive to _____ frequencies.
high
low
How do ampullary and tuberous organs detect electricity?
Same way, have cells sensitive to voltage.
These cells have voltage-gated receptors.
Ampullary organs are present in which kind of fish?
Electroreceptive fish
Tuberous organs are found in which kind of fish?
Active electric fish
Ampullary receptors are located in what?
Sitting in channel with goo which acts as a filter.
Where are tuberous receptors located, ampullary?
Tuberous - under skin, not in tunnel.
Ampullary, in tunnel with goo that filters out high frequencies.
Electric fish used _______ in their electric field to detect objects.
disruptions
How do sharks use electroreception for long-distance navigation?
Magnetic field of earth, when move through it, induce current,
Shark knows where it is based on induced electric fields.
Olfactory neurons are on the olfactory ______.
rosette
Describe fish olfaction?
Olfactory sensory neurons on the rosette, in the nose. Bind to odorant molecules and reassort to specific parts of the olfactory bulb leading to innervation of specific smell centers in the brain.
What do fish smell?
amino acids - tells you there is food
nucleotides - how fresh (DNA decays rapidly)
Bile acids
Steroids
Prostaglandins
- these three indicate reproductive status - pheromones
Nitrous oxides - Shrekstoffe - fright substance
