Fish communication part 2

Question 1

What are the different things that fish can make sounds with?

Answer 1

Pharyngeal teeth, swimbladder drumming, stridulation of other hard parts.

Question 2

How does the freshwater drum make sounds?

Answer 2

Sounds with drumming muscles, fast twitch muscles that vibrate the swimbladder back and forth.

Question 3

Whats an example species that makes sounds with pharyngeal teeth?

Answer 3

Round Goby

Question 4

What are other hard parts ot make sounds with?

Answer 4

Pelvic girdle, bones of head

Question 5

What are neuromasts?

Answer 5

Collection of hair cells.

Question 6

What is a cupula?

Answer 6

gelatinous capsule sitting over hair cells that functions similar to an otolith

Question 7

Lateral line will have ______ neuromasts.

Answer 7

canal

Question 8

Canal neuromasts will detect _____ frequencies than superfical neuromasts.

Answer 8

Higher

Question 9

What would canal detect vs superficial?

Answer 9

Canal - other fish

Superficial - zooplankton

Question 10

What happens to predators/prey if knock out neuromasts?

Answer 10

Prey dont escape well, predators dont catch well.

Question 11

What is the best method to escape a predator?

Answer 11

C-start, wait there until the neuromasts get stimulated, then dart off in the opposite direction.

Question 12

What is passive electricity?

Answer 12

Emit electrons back and forth

Nerves and muscles work due to ion flow

Question 13

What is active generation of electricity?

Answer 13

Actively generating electrical impulses.

Use EOD for communication or to stun prey.

Question 14

What is EOD?

Answer 14

Electric organ discharge.
Electric organ has stacks of modified muscle cells that do not contract.
Get innervated by motor neurons which opens up ion channels, leading to a flow of ions generating an electric field.

Question 15

What is the jamming avoidance response?

Answer 15

Competing males will actively change the frequency of their electric fields to avoid confusing each other.
This will be for a mating contest.
The subordinate male will have a lower frequency, further away from the desired frequency.

Question 16

Tuberous organs are sensitive to ____ frequencies, ampullary organs are sensitive to _____ frequencies.

Answer 16

high

low

Question 17

How do ampullary and tuberous organs detect electricity?

Answer 17

Same way, have cells sensitive to voltage.

These cells have voltage-gated receptors.

Question 18

Ampullary organs are present in which kind of fish?

Answer 18

Electroreceptive fish

Question 19

Tuberous organs are found in which kind of fish?

Answer 19

Active electric fish

Question 20

Ampullary receptors are located in what?

Answer 20

Sitting in channel with goo which acts as a filter.

Question 21

Where are tuberous receptors located, ampullary?

Answer 21

Tuberous - under skin, not in tunnel.

Ampullary, in tunnel with goo that filters out high frequencies.

Question 22

Electric fish used _______ in their electric field to detect objects.

Answer 22

disruptions

Question 23

How do sharks use electroreception for long-distance navigation?

Answer 23

Magnetic field of earth, when move through it, induce current,
Shark knows where it is based on induced electric fields.

Question 24

Olfactory neurons are on the olfactory ______.

Answer 24

rosette

Question 25

Describe fish olfaction?

Answer 25

Olfactory sensory neurons on the rosette, in the nose. Bind to odorant molecules and reassort to specific parts of the olfactory bulb leading to innervation of specific smell centers in the brain.

Question 26

What do fish smell?

Answer 26

amino acids - tells you there is food
nucleotides - how fresh (DNA decays rapidly)
Bile acids
Steroids
Prostaglandins
- these three indicate reproductive status - pheromones
Nitrous oxides - Shrekstoffe - fright substance