First Semester Drug Concepts Flashcards
adrenergic
drug that displays an effect of epinephrine
increases BP or HR or Both
analgesic
decreases pain
antiemetic
prevents/treats nausea/vomiting
anxiolytic
sedative
apnea
absence of breathing
bolus
inject an amount of drug all at once
catecholamine
any chemical produced in the adrenal medulla
usually refers to epinephrine/norepinephrine
cholinergic
drug that works on an acetylcholine (Ach) receptor
diuretic
drug that increases urine output
infusion
drug that infuses slowly over a period of time
at a constant rate
inotrope
drug that increases cardiac contractibility
intrathecal injection
injection into the subdural/subarachnoid space
“spinal” anesthesia
loading dose
larger dose given prior to an infusion
in effore to speed up the onset
local anesthetic
provides analgesia only to the area of the injection
(not the entire body)
median effective dose
(ED 50)
dose required to achieve a given effect in 50% of the population
median lethal dose
(LD 50)
dose that causes death in 50% of the population
narcotic
aka opiod
addictive drug that:
- decreases pain
- induces sedation
-decreases respiratory drive
opioid
synthetic narcotic that resembles naturally occurring opiates
opiate
- a narcotic that contains opium
- any substance that binds to opiate receptors
opium
a narcotic substance that is extracted from leaves
sympathomimetic
increases HR or BP or both
titrate
- starts with lower initial dose
- dose increased until desired effect achieved
- dose is reduced if drug goes beyond desired effect
therapeutic index
compares the amount of a drug that causes therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxicity
small/narrow therapeutic index
- “narrow therapeutic range”
- drug is less safe
- small delta between ED and LD
high therapeutic index
- safer
- larger delta between ED and LD
vagolytic
combats a “vagal” (parasympathetic) response
- includes atropine and robinul
vasodilator
dilates blood vessels
decreases BP
vasopressor
constricts blood vessels
increases BP
autonomic nervous system
- sympathetic: “fight/flight”
- parasympathetic: “rest/digest”