First Lecture Flashcards
Language
system of symbols and codes used in communication or as a form of social behavior that is shaped an maintained by a verbal community.
Symbols
-words/letters
Codes
-structure, grammar, syntax
Social form of language
-function/use, purposeful
Form includes…
-structure, morphology, syntax
Content includes….
-semantics (meaning)
Use includes…
-pragmatics, social function
Receptive vs. Expression means…
understanding vs. comprehension
4 components of language
- morphology
- syntax
- semantics
- pragmatics
Morphology
- study of word structures
- morphemes are smallest unit of meaning
- free vs. bound
Present Progressive
- (ing)
- 19-28 months
- movement/ action
- grammatical morphemes
Prepositions
- in, on
- grammatical morphemes
Regular Plural
- grammatical morphemes
- (s)
Irregular Past
- grammatical morphemes
- came, went, sat, broke, ate
Possessive (‘s)
- grammatical morphemes
- daddy’s
Uncontractible copula
- grammatical morphemes
- it is!
- used for emphasis
- yes it is, yes she is
Definite Articles
- grammatical morphemes
- the
- more specific
Indefinite Articles
- grammatical morphemes
- a, an
- not specific or pre-established
Regular Past
- grammatical morphemes
- ed
Regular 3rd Person p
- grammatical morphemes
- (s)
- eats
Irregular 3rd
- grammatical morphemes
- does, has
Uncontractible auxiliary
- grammatical morphemes
- helping verb
- he (was) painting
Contractible copula
- grammatical morphemes
- it’s, I’m
Contractible Auxiliary
- grammatical morphemes
- he (is) painting, he (is) happy
Telegraphic Speech
- mommy come
- baby sleep
- missing bound morphemes but still get meaning
Syntax
- Structure
- word arrangement to form meaningful sentences
- morphology + syntax= GRAMMAR
4 types of sentences
- declaritive (statement)
- interrogative (?)
- Imperative (command)
- Exclamatory (!)
Semantics
- Study of meaning in language/Content
- Lexical repertoire
Referent Theory of Meaning
- syntax
- the meaning is the object, but some words do not have clear referents (a, but, the)
Cognitive Process Theory
- syntax
- not the object, but the concept an individual has through personal experiences
Pragmatics
- function/use
- social
- presupposition (shared knowledge btwn ppl) my gma passed away. observe facial expression to make sure on same pg.
Van Riper states disorders:
- interfere w. communication
- are stressful for listener or speaker
- call attention to themselves
- deviate from the “norm”
- normative or neutralist
Etiological
-study of the causes of the disorder
Organic disorder
-physically or medically based, in the body
Functional disorder
- environmentally
- learn it
Congenital disorder
-born with it
Acquired disorder
-after normal pd. of development
Descriptive: looks at 5 aspects of communication instead of cause
- language
- speech/artic
- fluency
- hearing
- voice/resonance
Child delay
-slower rate of development
Child Deviance
- different
- doesn’t follow typical development pattern
SLI Specific Language Impairment
- follows normal sequence of acquisition but slower.
- can’t be diagnosed until age 4 b/c could be a late talker
- cognitively intact, though process slower (receptive never more delayed than expressive)
- can’t be rec: - and exp +
Linguistic Characteristics of SLI
- vocab is reduced
- spontaneous lang and communicative intent is more limited (could rely more on gestures or shorter phrases)
- lower speech repertoire (b/c late to talk so not practicing the speech sounds)
- reduced interest and experience in reading (too challenging, discouraged)
- lack use of phrases projects syntactical delay (embedding sentences, use statement form or ? in wrong context)
Subject Pronouns
- doer of action
- he
- I
- She
- You
- They
- We
Object Pronoun
- receiver of action/object
- Me
- Him
- Them
- Her
- You
- Us
Possessive Pronouns (ownership)
- my (mine)
- his
- her (her’s)
- our (our’s)
- your (your’s)
- their (their’s)
Conjunctions
- and
- but
- or
- b/c
- then
- if
Language can be:
- instrumental- getting what we want
- regualtory- getting others to do what we want them to do
- interactional- engaging others
