First Aid FM 4-25.11 Flashcards
What is MED EVAC?
Moving casualties
What is CAS EVAC?
Movement of casualties using non medical assets w/o a specialized car
What are the 3 steps in the evaluation of rescue operations?
- Identify the task
- Evaluate the circumstances of rescue
- Plan the actions
What is self aid?
Emergency treatment that you apply yourself
What is the quickest way to splint a leg?
Tie the broken leg securely to the unbroken leg
How many pressure points can be controlled with you fingertips, thumbs, and hands on the body?
11
What is the object of first aid?
To stop bleeding
Over come shock
Relieve pain
Prevent infection
What is first aid?
The first care given to casualties before treatment by medical personnel
What is the unique feature of 0 type blood?
Universal blood
How high should and injures limb be elevated above the heart to control bleeding ?
2-4 inches
What are the life saving steps?
Open the airway and restore bleeding
Stop the bleeding and protect the wound
Prevent shock
What is manual pressure?
Placing a hand on the dressing and exerting form pressure 5-10 min
- this is done when bleeding continues after a sterile field dressing is applied
Should a casualty be given food or water?
No
Why should you dress and bandage the would as soon as possible?
To protect the wound from further contamination and control the bleeding
What should you do to indicate the casualty has received a tourniquet?
Mark their forehead with a T and note the time of the application
Should you ever loosen or remove a tourniquet?
No only qualified medical personnel can
Where is tourniquet applied?
On the upper arm
Above the knee on the thigh
Name 3 categories of head injuries?
Heat cramps
Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke
What are the signs of heat cramps?
Cramping of the extremities
Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke
What is the treatment of heat cramps?
Move the casualty to a cool shady area / improvise shade
Loosen clothing
Drink a canteen full of water
What are the signs and symptoms of heat stroke?
Nausea Weakness Confusion Seizures Red/ dry hot skin Collapse
What are the 2 basic types of fractures?
Open (compound)
Closed (simple)
If a casualty were suspected of having a neck/ spinal injury trauma which method would you use to open their airway?
The jaw thrust technique
With an open fracture, what should you do first?
stop the bleeding
What is the basic proven principle in sprinting fractures?
Splint them where they lie
What is the treatment for heat stroke?
Move the casualty to a cool area Loosen clothing Elevate legs Spray/ pour water on them to cool body down Seek medical assistance immediately
How tight should a tourniquet be?
Tightened until the bleeding stops
Name 4 points for checking a pulse?
Neck
Wrist
Ankle
Groin
What are signs and symptoms of shock?
Fast breathing
Nausea / vomiting
Clammy skin
Thirst
What is the treatment of shock? (PELCRN)
Position casualty on back Elevate the legs Loosen clothing Climatize Reassure (keep them calm) Notify medical personnel
What is a heat injury?
A loss of water, and sweat while working in the heat or just general dehydration of the body
What is CPR?
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation - used to restore the heartbeat
When can measures be taken to restore breathing in an individual be discontinued?
When a doctor tells you to stop
When other relive you
When you physically can’t continue
When the casualty starts breathing on their own
Name 2 types of rescue breathing
Mouth to mouth
Mouth to nose
When should a casualty be placed in the shock position?
When they have a head injury / abdominal pain/ or fractured spin or leg
How long is direct manual pressure applied to control the breathing?
5-10 minutes
What should you do prior to leaving an unconscious casualty?
Turn their head to the side to prevent them choking on their own vomit
What does COLD stand for?
Keep it CLEAN
avoid OVERHEATING
wear it LOOSE and in layers
Keep it DRY
What are the 8 steps for evaluating a casualty?
Responsiveness Breathing Pulse Bleeding shock Fractures Burns Possible concussions
What is the first indication of frost bite?
The skin becomes numb and white particles and patches form on it
What do you do to treat frost bite?
Remove clothing from effective area, warm with body heat, dress the area, and seek medical help
When should an airtight dressing be applied to a sucking chest wound?
As the individual breathes out
What do you do with exposed abdominal organs?
Wrap them with dry, clean material and place them on the abdomen
In reference to carrying a casualty, what are the 2 man methods?
2 man support carry
2 man arms carry
2 hand seat carry
4 hand seat carry
What are the one man methods of carrying a casualty?
Fireman’s carry
Saddle back carry
Pistol belt carry
Supporting carry
Should you put any type of cream on a burn?
No
What are the 4 types of burns?
Thermal
Chemical
Electrical
Laser
What are the categories used in a medical evacuation?
Urgent - within 2 hours
Priority - within 4 hours
Routine - within 24 hours
What is the first step in the first aid of a burn victim?
Remove the casualty from the source of the burn
What are the 2 prescribed ways for opening the airway?
Jaw thrust
Head tilt/ chin lift
What is TC3?
Tactical
Combat
Casualty
Care
What is care under fire?
Care given at sight of injury ONLY apply tourniquet - ask if they’re okay - can they return fire - can they move to cover - can they apply self aid
What is tactical field care?
• Care given while under cover
• RE CHECK THE TOURNIQUET
H- (hemorrhage) blood sweep - check neck / under arms/ groin treat major wounds
A- (airway) head tilt chin lift- place lubed NPA if needed
B- (breathing) expose chest- take blouse/ ITOV off- look listen feel for equal rise and fall of chest
C- (circulation) check pulse- is the skin cool/ clammy? Loosen restrictive clothing - treat for shock
D- (Decision) call 9 line- prepare for EVAC
What is tactical evacuation?
•Care given while being evacuated
•Fill out TC3 card
•Put space blanket on litter and put casualty on litter (check for exit wounds if you have a 2nd person helping you)
Thorough checks Re assess pulse/ tourniquets/ major bleeding areas / then treat minor bleeding areas
How do you treat for shock?
Use casualties ACH (or improvised item) to elevate legs above heart
And put blanket around them (taco the casualty into space blanket so you can still treat them)
