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1 > First Aid - Conditions And Treatment > Flashcards

First Aid - Conditions And Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

Nausea, vomiting, Dizziness, Feeling weak, Pale/ clammy skin

A

Air sickness

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2
Q

What’s the treatment for air sickness

A
  • focus on a point to give feeling of being still
  • calm and reassure
  • offer a cold compress
  • offer water to sip
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3
Q

Difficulty in breathing, swelling of lips tongue and roof of mouth, itching an flushing, red blotchy skin rash

A

Allergic reaction - anaphylaxis

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4
Q

What’s the treatment for allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) - person is conscious

A
  • ask if they have own medication
  • loosen tight clothing
  • calm and reassure
  • sit person in a position that makes breathing easiest
  • administer oxygen
  • suitability trained persons can administer injection
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5
Q

What’s the treatment for allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) - person is unconscious

A
  • place in recovery position
  • administer oxygen
  • suitability trained persons can administer injection
  • be prepared to resuscitate
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6
Q

Wheezing and coughing, difficulty breathing, cyanosis, anxiety and confusion

A

Asthma

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7
Q

What’s the treatment for asthma

A
  • ask for own medication
  • suitability trained persons can administer bronchial dilator
  • sit upright leaning slightly forward
  • loosen tight clothing
  • calm and reassure
  • administer oxygen if needed
  • encourage to breathe slowly and deeply
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8
Q

Pains in joints, itchy skin, severe respiratory disorders, nervous symptoms, coronary embolisms

A

Decompression sickness

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9
Q

What’s the treatment for decompression sickness

A
  • apply pressure to affected joint to relieve pain
  • descend as low as possible
  • give oxygen, keep warm and still
  • treatment in compression chamber may be required
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10
Q

Pain and swelling in the lower leg (compared to other leg, tenderness in affected leg

A

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

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11
Q

What’s the treatment for DVT

A
  • loosen tight clothing
  • calm and reassure
  • sit person down with leg slightly elevated
  • give water to prevent dehydration
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12
Q

What’s the treatment for dehydration

A

Continue to drink mineral water or salt water mixture, in moderation

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13
Q

Skin raised after being pulled and released

A

Dehydration

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14
Q

What’s the treatment for hypoglycaemia - conscious

A
  • control blood sugar level with blood glucose testing equipment
  • give a non-fizzy sugary drink (apple juice)
  • calm and reassure
  • encourage person to eat something (carbohydrates)
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15
Q

What’s the treatment for hypoglycaemia - unconscious

A
  • suitably trained person to control blood sugar level with blood glucose testing equipment
  • place person in recovery position
  • suitably trained person can administer injection
  • administer oxygen
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16
Q

What’s the treatment for hyperglycaemia - conscious

A
  • control blood sugar level with blood glucose testing equipment
  • give water to drink if person is thirsty
  • calm and reassure
  • encourage person to administer own insulin
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17
Q

What’s the treatment for hyperglycaemia - unconscious

A
  • suitably trained person to control blood sugar level with blood glucose testing equipment
  • place person in recovery position
  • administer oxygen
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18
Q

Cramping abdominal pain, fever, may lead to shock if severe

A

Diarrhoea/vomiting

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19
Q

What’s the treatment for diarrhoea/vomiting

A
  • restore lost fluids and salts (frequent sips of water
  • administer anti diarrhoeal medication (to be avoided if high fever)
  • suitably trained person to administer applicable medication
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20
Q

Blank look and stare, blinking/fluttering with eyelids, twitching of limbs, suddenly “switching off”, lip smacking, plucking at clothing or fiddling with objects

A

Minor epilepsy

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21
Q

Person becomes rigid, has jerking movements, breathing may stop briefly, loss of bladed control, saliva may be blood/stained.

A

Major epilepsy

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22
Q

What is the treatment for epilepsy/seizures

A
  • note time of seizure
  • support and protect person
  • remove hazards
  • loosen tight clothing
  • don’t put anything in mouth
  • once seizures have ended place in recovery position
  • calm and reassure
  • review primary survey and stay with person until fully recovered
  • first time= seek medical attention after flight
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23
Q

When should you seek medical assistance in case of epilepsy/seizures

A
  • seizure lasts more than 5 minutes
  • person is unconscious for more than 10 min after seizure
  • recurring seizures
  • they have injured themselves
  • person is pregnant
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24
Q

Light headed or dizzy feeling, pale, a sudden clammy sweat, blurred vision or spots in front of eyes, nausea, in some cases trembling arms and legs

A

Fainting

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25
Q

What’s the treatment for fainting

A
  • calm and reassure
  • lay person down with legs raised
  • after recovery, allow person to sit up and slowly give sips of water
  • administer oxygen as required
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26
Q

When should you use treatment for unconscious person?

A

If person doesn’t regain consciousness after 1-2 minutes when fainting

27
Q

What’s the treatment for febrile convulsions

A
  • remove clothing or covering, including nappy
  • move infant/child to a cool environment or cool child with tepid water
  • support and protect from injury
  • calm and reassure parents
  • once convulsions stopped, give medication to reduce temperature and place in recovery position
  • review primary survey and stay with person until fully recovered
28
Q

A child/infant with hot flushed skin, abnormal eye movements, breath-holding, drooling at mouth, stiffness or jerking movements of limbs and body

A

Febrile convulsions

29
Q

Treatment for soft tissue injuries

A
  • RICE
  • monitor persons limb for impaired circulation
30
Q

Pain in touch and movement, limited movement, swelling and bruising over injured area, deformity of limb or joint

A

Soft tissue injury

31
Q

Central chest pain/tight feeling in the chest radiating to neck/lower jaw/ back and arms, difficulty breathing, anxiety, weakness and nausea, numbness in arms and hands, sweating, cold clammy ashen/grey skin

A

Angina pectoris or heart attack

32
Q

What’s the treatment for angina pectoris

A
  • calm and reassure
  • ensure that person rests (minimum workload
  • ask for own medication, suitable trained person can administer coronary vasodilator
  • administer oxygen (4/l min)
33
Q

What’s the treatment for a heart attack

A
  • calm and reassure, ensure person rests
  • administer oxygen (4l/min)
  • be prepared to resuscitate if person becomes unconscious
  • seek medical assistance
34
Q

Unresponsive, not breathing normally

A

Cardiac areest

35
Q

What’s the treatment for cardiac arrest

A
  • begin CPR
  • use AED to check if there is a schokable heart rhythm
  • follow instructions of AED
36
Q

Unnaturally rapid breathing, cramps/tingling and numbness in hands feet and lips, dizziness, attention-seeking behaviour

A

Hyperventilation

37
Q

What’s the treatment for hyperventilation

A
  • calm and reassure
  • instruct person to relax and slow down breathing rate
  • loosen tight clothing
  • ask open questions to encourage person to speak
38
Q

Difficulty in Co-ordination and speaking, agitation and aggression, difficulty in breathing/sleepiness/fatigue and blue grey skin, impaired vision/hearing and other sensory functions, lack of normal judgment/over confidence, cold and clammy skin, dilated (large) pupils

A

Hypoxia

39
Q

What is the treatment for hypoxia

A
  • administer oxygen (4l/min)
  • place into recovery position if unconscious
40
Q

Possible smell of alcohol on breath, reduced inhibitions, impaired judgment/change in behaviour, lack of Co-ordination, slurred speech, possible nausea and vomiting, flushed face, possible loss of consciousness

A

Alcohol intoxication

41
Q

What’s the treatment of alcohol intoxication

A
  • stop serving alcohol
  • if unconscious > recovery position
  • protect person from cold and cover with a blanket
42
Q

Irrational or violent behaviour/hypersensitive, nausea/vomiting, sweating, increased energy and activity or agitation, cramps in legs/arms and back, pupils may be dilated or small, possible needle marks on body, drowsiness/possible loss of consciousness

A

Drug intoxication

43
Q

What’s the treatment for drug intoxication

A
  • sips of water
  • if unconscious > recovery position
  • don’t attempt to induce vomiting
44
Q

Pale clammy skin, rapid/shallow breathing, rapid/weak pulse, extreme thirst, restlessness and anxiety, disorientation/confusion/altering levels of consciousness

A

Shock

45
Q

What’s the treatment for shock

A
  • calm and reassure
  • treat the cause of shock (e.g. external bleeding)
  • lay person down with leg raised
  • administer oxygen (4l/min)
  • loosen tight clothing
  • keep warm
  • if unconscious > recovery position
46
Q

Weakness or paralysis of arms/legs localised to one side of the body, dropping mouth, drooling and difficulty with speech, flushed warm skin, visual disturbances, loss of bladder and bowel control, severe headache, altered level of consciousness, pupils in unequal size

A

Stroke

47
Q

What’s the treatment for a stroke

A
  • calm and reassure
  • administer oxygen
  • if unconscious> recovery position on paralysed side
  • if conscious> lay person down with head and shoulders elevated
  • keep warm
  • monitor primary survey
  • be prepared to resuscitate if necessary
48
Q

What’s the treatment for an internal bleeding

A
  • primary survey
  • control bleeding by putting pressure directly onto wound (external only)
  • elevate the injured part above heart
  • lay person down, legs raised < if necessary
  • prevent shock
  • administer oxygen
  • seek medical assistance
49
Q

What’s the treatment for external bleeding

A
  • follow primary survey
  • control bleeding
  • lay person flat with legs raised and treat for shock
  • administer oxygen if required
50
Q

What’s the treatment for abdominal wounds

A
  • position the person on their back, so that the wound does not open
  • keep head and shoulders raised, knees bent
  • observe for recognition features of shock
  • cover wound with a dressing and scurry with a bandage
51
Q

What’s the treatment for varicose veins

A
  • lay person down on their back and raise injured leg as high as possible
  • apply pressure directly into wound and cover with a dressing and bandage
  • ensure nothing restricts the blood flow back to heart
  • observe for recognition symptoms of shock
52
Q

What’s the treatment for nose bleed

A
  • follow primary survey
  • sit person up and lean forward
  • pinch lower part of the nose for at least 10-15 minutes
  • re-apply pressure for 10-15 min if bleeding doesn’t stop
  • apply covered ice pack to area
  • ensure person breathes through their mouth
  • spit out any blood to prevent this going down the back of the throat
53
Q

What’s the treatment for mouth or dental bleed

A
  • sit person down and lean forward
  • advise to bite on a sterile pad or place pad over area and apply pressure
  • advise the person to avoid hot drinks for 12 hours
  • if the bleed persists, seek medical assistance
54
Q

Cramp-like pains in lower abdomen, vaginal bleeding, signs of shock, vaginal passing of the embryo

A

Miscarriage

55
Q

Lower back pain, show of blood stained mucus, waters breaking

A

Childbirth

56
Q

Pain behind eyes and spreading down the face, mild to severe pain in the affected ear or sinus, crying due to pain

A

Ear and sinus pain

57
Q

Treatment for ear and sinus pain

A
  • advise person to yawn/swallow or suck on a sweet
  • instruct person to close their mouth and hold the nose closed and blow
  • to relieve painful ears in an infant> give something to drink or a pacifier/dummy
58
Q

Abdominal pain

A

Abdominal tract

59
Q

What’s the treatment for abdominal tract

A

Encourage person to expel air as necessary

60
Q

Treatment for minor burns

A
  • remove jewellery or clothing from area
  • pour cool water over area for at least 10 min (no ice)
  • apply burnshield geld dressing
  • protect from pressure
  • elevate affected area
  • calm and reassure
61
Q

treatment for major burns

A
  • don’t remove stuck burnt clothing or jewellery
  • ensure person is breathing, if not>CPR
  • apply burnshield gel dressing
  • elevate body part above the heart
  • lie person down, prevent shock
  • seek medical assistance
62
Q

Confused, disorientated, appears drunk irritable and aggressive, weakness, faintness, hunger, headache, pale, cold/clammy skin

A

Hypoglycaemia < low blood sugar

63
Q

Lethargic, drowsy, fatigued, extreme thirst, no headache, warm/dry skin, fruity/sweet breath

A

Hyperglycaemia < high blood sugar

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