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STEP 1 > First Aid Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

First Aid Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Classic Labs/Findings:

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Classic Labs/Findings:

Anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Classic Labs/Findings:

Antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Classic Labs/Findings:

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (ie hydrazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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5
Q

Classic Labs/Findings:

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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6
Q 
Classic Labs/Findings:
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
A

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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7
Q

Classic Labs/Findings:

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Microscopic polyangiitisand eosinophilic granulmoatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) (MPO-ANCA/pANCA);
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

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8
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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10
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Antitopoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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11
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)

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12
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: “Apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

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13
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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14
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)

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15
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: S. pyogenes (group A);
Resistant: S. agalactiae (group B)

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16
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: “Bamboo spine” on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B-27)

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17
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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18
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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19
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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20
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Boot-shaped heart on x-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)

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21
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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22
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)

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23
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: “Brown” tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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24
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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25
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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26
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: “Chocolate” cyst of ovary

A

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

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27
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

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28
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene –> fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

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29
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities

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30
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A 
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis);
Subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)
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31
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: “Delta wave” on EKG, short PR internal, supraventricular tachycardia

A

Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)

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32
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

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33
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)

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34
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)

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35
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with “raisinoid” nuclei and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

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36
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Electrical alterations (alternating amplitude on EKG)

A

Pericardial tamponade

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37
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“Owl eye” appearance of CMV

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38
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei with central clearing

A

“Orphan Annie” eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

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39
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)

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40
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body (Parkinson disease)

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41
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Eosinophilic globule in liver cell

A

Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis

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42
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

A

Negri bodies of rabies

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43
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of the brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

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44
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)

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45
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

46
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: “Hair on end” (“Crew cut”) appearance on x-ray

A

Beta-thalassemia;

Sickle-cell disease (marrow expansion)

47
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: hCG elevated

A

Choriocarcinoma;
Hydatidaform mole (occurs with and without embryo);
Multiple pregnancy

48
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

49
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Heterophilic antibodies

A

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

50
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

51
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: High levels of D-dimers

A

DVT;
PE;
DIC

52
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complexes (Primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)

53
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: “Honeycomb lung” on x-ray or CT

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

54
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

55
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Hypersegmented neutrophils

A 
Megaloblastic anemia 
(B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
56
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)

57
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia;
Lead poisoning;
Thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)

58
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error;
Anencephaly;
Spina bifida;
(neural tube defects)

59
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Increased uric acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome;
Tumor lysis syndrome;
Loop and thiazide diuretics

60
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)

61
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)

62
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

63
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi syndrome (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

64
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: “Lead pipe” appearance of colon on abdominal imaging

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

65
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes

A

Goodpasture syndrome

66
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

67
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: “Lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM and C3)

68
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Lytic (“punched out”) bone lesions on x-ray

A

Multiple myeloma

69
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Mammary gland (“blue-domed”) cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

70
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Monocloncal antibody spike

A 
Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA);
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging);
Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia;
Primary amyloidosis
71
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

“Signet ring” (gastric carcinoma)

72
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

“String sign” (Crohn disease)

73
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)

74
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

75
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic neuropathy)

76
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Novobiocin response

A

Sensitive: S. epidermidis;
Resistant: S. saprophyticus

77
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: “Nutmeg” appearance of liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd-Chiari syndrome

78
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: “Onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell carcinoma)

79
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Optochin response

A

Sensitive: S. pneumoniae;
Resistant: viridans streptococci (S. mutans, S. sanguis)

80
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Periostium raised from bone creating triangular area

A

Codman triangle on x-ray;
Ewing sarcoma;
Pyogenic osteomyelitis

81
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Podocyte fusion or “effacement” on electron microscopy

A

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

82
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Polished, “ivory-like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

83
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)

84
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Psammoma bodies

A

Meningiomas;
Papillary thyroid carcinoma;
Mesothelioma;
Papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

85
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

86
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: RBC casts in urine

A

Glomerulonephritis

87
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Rectangular crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

88
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

89
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Renal epithelial cells in casts in urine

A

Intrinsic renal failure (ie ischemia or toxic injury)

90
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

91
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Rib notching

A

Coarctation of the aorta

92
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii;

CNS lymphoma

93
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages (“starry ski” histology)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (t[8;14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; “starry sky” made up of malignant cells)

94
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

95
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: “Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

96
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: “Spikes on basement membrane, “dome-like” subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)

97
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

98
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: “Steeple” sign on CXR

A

Croup (parainfluenza virus)

99
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

“Clue cells” (Gardnerella vaginalis)

100
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: “Tennis racket”-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langherhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (Langherhans cell histiocytosis)

101
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene)

102
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

103
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: “Thumb sign” on lateral neck x-ray

A

Epiglottis (Haemophilus influenzae)

104
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic pyelonephritis (usually due to recurrent infections)

105
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: “Tram-track” appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

106
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

107
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: “Waxy” casts with very low urine flow

A

Chronic end-stage renal disease

108
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

109
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

110
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: “Wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually seen with lupus)

111
Q

Classic Labs/Findings: Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia (ie due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

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