First Aid Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards
1
Q
Classic Labs/Findings:
Anticentromere antibodies
A
Scleroderma (CREST)
2
Q
Classic Labs/Findings:
Anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
A
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
3
Q
Classic Labs/Findings:
Antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies
A
Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
4
Q
Classic Labs/Findings:
Antihistone antibodies
A
Drug-induced SLE (ie hydrazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
5
Q
Classic Labs/Findings:
Anti-IgG antibodies
A
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
6
Q
Classic Labs/Findings: Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
A
Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
7
Q
Classic Labs/Findings:
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
A
Microscopic polyangiitisand eosinophilic granulmoatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) (MPO-ANCA/pANCA);
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)
8
Q
Classic Labs/Findings: Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA
A
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
9
Q
Classic Labs/Findings: Antiplatelet antibodies
A
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
10
Q
Classic Labs/Findings: Antitopoisomerase antibodies
A
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
11
Q
Classic Labs/Findings: Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
A
Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)
12
Q
Classic Labs/Findings: “Apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray
A
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
13
Q
Classic Labs/Findings: Atypical lymphocytes
A
EBV
14
Q
Classic Labs/Findings: Azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A
Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)
15
Q
Classic Labs/Findings: Bacitracin response
A
Sensitive: S. pyogenes (group A);
Resistant: S. agalactiae (group B)
16
Q
Classic Labs/Findings: “Bamboo spine” on x-ray
A
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B-27)
17
Q
Classic Labs/Findings: Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
18
Q
Classic Labs/Findings: Basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
19
Q
Classic Labs/Findings: Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture
A
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
20
Q
Classic Labs/Findings: Boot-shaped heart on x-ray
A
Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)
21
Q
Classic Labs/Findings: Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces israelii
22
Q
Classic Labs/Findings: Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)
23
Q
Classic Labs/Findings: “Brown” tumor of bone
A
Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
24
Q
Classic Labs/Findings: Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
A
Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
25
Classic Labs/Findings: Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
26
Classic Labs/Findings: "Chocolate" cyst of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
27
Classic Labs/Findings: Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)
28
Classic Labs/Findings: Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene --> fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
29
Classic Labs/Findings: Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities
30
Classic Labs/Findings: Degeneration of dorsal column fibers
```
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis);
Subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)
```
31
Classic Labs/Findings: "Delta wave" on EKG, short PR internal, supraventricular tachycardia
Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)
32
Classic Labs/Findings: Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
33
Classic Labs/Findings: Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
34
Classic Labs/Findings: Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)
35
Classic Labs/Findings: Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with "raisinoid" nuclei and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
36
Classic Labs/Findings: Electrical alterations (alternating amplitude on EKG)
Pericardial tamponade
37
Classic Labs/Findings: Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl eye" appearance of CMV
38
Classic Labs/Findings: Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei with central clearing
"Orphan Annie" eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
39
Classic Labs/Findings: Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
40
Classic Labs/Findings: Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson disease)
41
Classic Labs/Findings: Eosinophilic globule in liver cell
Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis
42
Classic Labs/Findings: Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons
Negri bodies of rabies
43
Classic Labs/Findings: Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of the brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)
44
Classic Labs/Findings: Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
45
Classic Labs/Findings: Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
46
Classic Labs/Findings: "Hair on end" ("Crew cut") appearance on x-ray
Beta-thalassemia;
| Sickle-cell disease (marrow expansion)
47
Classic Labs/Findings: hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma;
Hydatidaform mole (occurs with and without embryo);
Multiple pregnancy
48
Classic Labs/Findings: Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
49
Classic Labs/Findings: Heterophilic antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
50
Classic Labs/Findings: Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
51
Classic Labs/Findings: High levels of D-dimers
DVT;
PE;
DIC
52
Classic Labs/Findings: Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complexes (Primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
53
Classic Labs/Findings: "Honeycomb lung" on x-ray or CT
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
54
Classic Labs/Findings: Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
55
Classic Labs/Findings: Hypersegmented neutrophils
```
Megaloblastic anemia
(B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
```
56
Classic Labs/Findings: Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)
57
Classic Labs/Findings: Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia;
Lead poisoning;
Thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)
58
Classic Labs/Findings: Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error;
Anencephaly;
Spina bifida;
(neural tube defects)
59
Classic Labs/Findings: Increased uric acid levels
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome;
Tumor lysis syndrome;
Loop and thiazide diuretics
60
Classic Labs/Findings: Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)
61
Classic Labs/Findings: Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)
62
Classic Labs/Findings: Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
63
Classic Labs/Findings: Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi syndrome (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
64
Classic Labs/Findings: "Lead pipe" appearance of colon on abdominal imaging
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
65
Classic Labs/Findings: Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes
Goodpasture syndrome
66
Classic Labs/Findings: Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
67
Classic Labs/Findings: "Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM and C3)
68
Classic Labs/Findings: Lytic ("punched out") bone lesions on x-ray
Multiple myeloma
69
Classic Labs/Findings: Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
70
Classic Labs/Findings: Monocloncal antibody spike
```
Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA);
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging);
Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia;
Primary amyloidosis
```
71
Classic Labs/Findings: Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
"Signet ring" (gastric carcinoma)
72
Classic Labs/Findings: Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
"String sign" (Crohn disease)
73
Classic Labs/Findings: Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
74
Classic Labs/Findings: Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
75
Classic Labs/Findings: Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic neuropathy)
76
Classic Labs/Findings: Novobiocin response
Sensitive: S. epidermidis;
Resistant: S. saprophyticus
77
Classic Labs/Findings: "Nutmeg" appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd-Chiari syndrome
78
Classic Labs/Findings: "Onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell carcinoma)
79
Classic Labs/Findings: Optochin response
Sensitive: S. pneumoniae;
Resistant: viridans streptococci (S. mutans, S. sanguis)
80
Classic Labs/Findings: Periostium raised from bone creating triangular area
Codman triangle on x-ray;
Ewing sarcoma;
Pyogenic osteomyelitis
81
Classic Labs/Findings: Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
82
Classic Labs/Findings: Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
83
Classic Labs/Findings: Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)
84
Classic Labs/Findings: Psammoma bodies
Meningiomas;
Papillary thyroid carcinoma;
Mesothelioma;
Papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
85
Classic Labs/Findings: Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
86
Classic Labs/Findings: RBC casts in urine
Glomerulonephritis
87
Classic Labs/Findings: Rectangular crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
88
Classic Labs/Findings: Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
89
Classic Labs/Findings: Renal epithelial cells in casts in urine
Intrinsic renal failure (ie ischemia or toxic injury)
90
Classic Labs/Findings: Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
91
Classic Labs/Findings: Rib notching
Coarctation of the aorta
92
Classic Labs/Findings: Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii;
| CNS lymphoma
93
Classic Labs/Findings: Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry ski" histology)
Burkitt lymphoma (t[8;14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "starry sky" made up of malignant cells)
94
Classic Labs/Findings: Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
95
Classic Labs/Findings: "Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
96
Classic Labs/Findings: "Spikes on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)
97
Classic Labs/Findings: Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
98
Classic Labs/Findings: "Steeple" sign on CXR
Croup (parainfluenza virus)
99
Classic Labs/Findings: Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
100
Classic Labs/Findings: "Tennis racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langherhans cells
Birbeck granules (Langherhans cell histiocytosis)
101
Classic Labs/Findings: Thousands of polyps on colonoscopy
Familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene)
102
Classic Labs/Findings: Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
103
Classic Labs/Findings: "Thumb sign" on lateral neck x-ray
Epiglottis (Haemophilus influenzae)
104
Classic Labs/Findings: Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic pyelonephritis (usually due to recurrent infections)
105
Classic Labs/Findings: "Tram-track" appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
106
Classic Labs/Findings: Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
107
Classic Labs/Findings: "Waxy" casts with very low urine flow
Chronic end-stage renal disease
108
Classic Labs/Findings: WBC casts in urine
Acute pyelonephritis
109
Classic Labs/Findings: WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL (almost always B cell)
110
Classic Labs/Findings: "Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually seen with lupus)
111
Classic Labs/Findings: Yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia (ie due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)
