First Aid Flashcards
How many beats per minute are considered within the normal heartbeat range?
The normal heartbeat is from 60-100 beats per minute.
What FM covers first aid?
FM 4-25.11
What are the 4 common points on the body for checking pulse?
- Side of the neck (carotid)
- Groin (femoral)
- Wrist (radial)
- Ankle (posterior tibial)
What are the three most important things to check for in a casualty? (The ABCs of medical treatment)
- Breathing: Lack of oxygen intake (through a compromised airway or inadequate breathing) can lead to brain damage or death in very few minutes.
- Bleeding: Death is imminent without an adequate volume of blood to carry oxygen to tissues.
- Shock: unless shock is prevented, first aid performed, and medical treatment provided, death may result even though the injury would not otherwise be fatal.
What does ACE stand for?
Ask
Care
Escort
In combat, what is the most likely threat to the casualty’s life?
Bleeding.
Should you check for airway and breathing during care under fire?
No. Checking for airway and breathing while under fire may expose the rescuer to enemy fire. Airway and breathing is checked in tactical field care.
In combat, if you find a casualty with no signs of life (no pulse or visible breathing) do you attempt to restore the airway?
DO NOT attempt to restore the airway. Under these conditions, DO NOT continue first aid measures.
What tactical steps should be taken for care under fire?
- Check for casualty responsiveness.
- If alert, direct casualty to return fire and conduct self-aid.
- Once enemy fire is suppressed, approach casualty in battle buddy team.
- Check for bleeding.
- Administer life saving hemorrhage control with a tourniquet if needed.
- Move casualty to safety.
- Recheck bleeding control measures (tourniquet) once out of fire and behind cover.
What does AVPU stand for?
Alert
Responds to voice
Responds to pain
Unresponsive
How do you check a casualty’s response to pain?
Rub the breastbone briskly with a knuckle or squeeze the first or second toe over the toenail.
During tactical field care, what do you do if the casualty is conscious but is choking and cannot talk?
Stop the evaluation and conduct appropriate first aid to open the airway.
How many inches above the bleeding site should a tourniquet be applied?
2-3 inches
Once applied, should you ever loosen or remove a tourniquet?
Never remove or loosen a tourniquet once applied!
What aid should be rendered for compressible (external) hemorrhages not amenable to limb tourniquet use?
Use combat gauze to stop external hemorrhages. Dressings should be applied with at least three minutes of pressure.
What are the best tactical indicators of shock?
Decreased state of consciousness and abnormal character of the radial pulse (weak or absent).
What does TCCC stand for?
Tactical Combat Casualty Care
What DD Form is commonly referred to as a TCCC card?
DD Form 1380
When used, where should you attach the TCCC card to a casualty?
Attach it to the casualty’s belt loop, or place it in their upper left sleeve, or the left trouser cargo pocket.
What are the steps in TCCC?
- Care under fire
- Tactical field care
- Combat casualty evacuation care
What is a CASEVAC?
Casualty evacuation in non-medical vehicle or aircraft.
When would you not loosen clothing?
Chemical environment or when clothing is stuck to the wound.
What are the 4 types of burns?
- Chemical
- Electrical
- Laser
- Thermal
Note: remember CELT for easy recall.
What are the two methods for opening the airway?
Head tilt/chin lift method and jaw thrust method
When would you not use the head tilt/chin lift method?
When you suspect a neck or spinal injury.
Should a casualty eat or drink while being assessed?
No.
What is the single most common cause of airway blockage?
The tongue
Name three categories of heat injury.
Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke.
What are the 9 symptoms of shock?
- Sweaty cool skin
- Pale skin
- Restlessness
- Thirst
- Severe bleeding
- Confusion
- Rapid breathing
- Blue skin
- Nausea (vomiting)
What does MEDEVAC mean?
Medical Evacuation
Explain phase 1 care under fire?
Care under fire is administered when you are facing hostile enemy fire and are limited as to the care you can provide. During this phase, your only focus should be repressing enemy fire, stopping life threatening bleeding on the casualty, and moving the casualty (and yourself) from apparent danger.
Explain phase 2 tactical field care?
During this phase, you and the casualty are relatively safe and no longer under effective hostile fire. Medical personnel may still be absent and supplies low, but you are free to more thoroughly assess the casualties injuries.
Explain phase 3 combat casualty evacuation care?
This is the care rendered during casualty evacuation. To include successful trade-off of casualty from first aid responder to medical personnel.
During care under fire, when would you advise the casualty to play dead?
If the casualty is unable to move on their own, you are unable to move the casualty to care, and the casualty is still under direct enemy fire.
When evaluating and/or treating a casualty, when would you seek medical aid?
ASAP. Do not stop treatment. If the situation allows send another person to seek medical aid while you continue rendering first aid.
What should you do if the casualty is being burned?
Remove the casualty from the source of the burns.
When would you insert a nasopharyngeal?
During tactical field care if the casualty is breathing.
In what position would you place an unconscious casualty?
The recovery position.
What are the three types of bleeding?
- Arterial
- Venous
- Capillary
What is the treatment for shock?
- Position casualty on back
- Elevate legs
- Loosen clothing
- Regulate body temp (climatize) (keep them from getting too hot or cold)
- Reassure (keep casualty calm)
- Notify medical personnel
Note: remember PELCRN for easy recall.
When should an airtight dressing be applied to a sucking chest wound?
As the casualty breathes out.
What are the 3 categories used in medical evacuation?
- Urgent: within 2 hours
- Priority: within 4 hours
- Routine: within 24 hours
