First Aid Flashcards
3 objectives of first aid
Save Life; Prevent Further Injury; Prevent Infection
Methods of Controlling Bleeding
Direct Pressure
Elevation
Pressure Points
Last Resort Tourniquet
How many pressure points on each side of the body?
11
Facial Artery
JAW
Superficial Temporal Artery
TEMPLE
Subclavian Artery
COLLAR BONE
Common Carotid Artery
NECK
Brachial Artery
INNER UPPER ARM
Brachial Artery
INNER ELBOW
Radial/Ulnar Artery
WRIST
Femoral Artery
UPPER THIGH
Iliac Artery
GROIN
Popliteal Artery
KNEE
Anterior/Posterior Tibial Artery
ANKLE
Shock
Disruption of circulatory system
Shock Symptoms
vacant/lackluster eyes Shallow/irregular breathing Cold/moist/pale skin Nausea Weak/Absent Pulse
Shock Treatment
Treatment: Elevate Feet 6 – 12 inch
Cover with blanket
Reassure/calm victim
What are the 3 types of burns?
1st, 2nd, 3rd
Describe 1st Degree Burn
Mildest, producing redness, increased warmth, tenderness and mild pain
Describe 2nd Degree Burn
Red and blistered skin; severe pain
Describe 3rd Degree Burn
Destroyed tissue, skin and bone in severe cases
Severe pain may be absent due to nerve endings being destroyed
Heat Exhaustion
Serous disturbance of blood flow to the brain, heart and lungs
Symptoms: Skin cool, moist and clammy; pupils dilated; normal/subnormal body temp.
Treatment: Move victim to cool/a/c area; loosen clothing; apply cool cloths to head/groin/ankles
Heat Exhaustion Symptoms
Symptoms: Skin cool, moist and clammy; pupils dilated; normal/subnormal body temp.
Heat Exhaustion Treatment
Treatment: Move victim to cool/a/c area; loosen clothing; apply cool cloths to head/groin/ankles
Heat Stroke
Breakdown of sweating mechanism
Heat Stroke Symptoms
Symptoms: Hot/Dry skin; uneven pupil dilation; weak/rapid pulse
Heat Stroke Treatment
Treatment: Douse with cold water; place cold packs shoulders/neck/ankles/groin
Open Fracture
“Compound” fracture
Open wound in the tissue or skin
Protruding bone
Closed Fracture
“Simple” fracture
Internal
No break in skin
Electric Shock: Personnel Rescue
DO NOT touch body, wire, or object that may be conducting electricity.
1st: Look for twitching
2nd: No switch – broom handle
Treatment: Artificial breathing if pulse – CPR no pulse
Hypothermia
Cooling of body caused by exposure
Hypothermia Symptoms
Symptoms: Pale/unconscious; slow and shallow breathing; pulse faint/undetectable; tissue feels semi-rigid
Hypothermia treamtent
Treatment: Bring body temp to normal; wrap in warm blankets
Superficial Frostbite
Ice crystals forming in the upper skin layers after exposure to a temperature of 32 degrees or lower
Deep Frostbite
Ice crystals forming in the deeper tissues after exposure to a temperature of 32 degrees or lower
Deep Frostbite Treatment
Treatment: Victim indoors; re-warm – place them in warm water or with hot water bottles; never rub area; do not allow to thaw if possible to become refrozen
