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Equine Handling > First Aid > Flashcards

First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four wound factors

A
  • location
  • time
  • trauma
  • trash
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2
Q

location of wound

A
  • what type of tissue
  • clean, recent, distal limb wounds
  • head, body, upper leg
  • eyelids, nostrils
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3
Q

time of wound

A
  • how old wound is
  • <6-8 hours ideal
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4
Q

trauma of wound

A
  • degree of tissue injury
  • how much of tissue injury there is
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5
Q

trash of wound

A
  • degree of contamination
  • how much contamination is in the wound and debris amount
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6
Q

granulation tissue

A
  • cauliflower looking
  • surface bleeds very easily (very vascular)
  • no nerve supply
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7
Q

how long does it take for granulation to appear

A

around 4-5 days
- quickest of any species

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8
Q

what are the 3 basic stages of wound healing

A
  • inflammation
  • proliferation
  • maturation
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9
Q

inflammation

A
  • peak at day 1
  • white blood cells try to engulf and bacteria
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10
Q

proliferation

A

new tissue and granulation growth

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11
Q

maturation

A

-long term changing of tissue
- don’t usually deal with

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12
Q

first intention

A
  • primary closure
  • best and fastest healing
  • least scar tissue
  • closing wound with sutures
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13
Q

second intention

A
  • leaving wound un-sutured
  • depends on formation of granulation tissue
  • skin grows over
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14
Q

what is an important aspect of second intention healing

A
  • need to remove more tissue
  • bandages
  • cleaned/changed daily
  • daily cleansing until solid granulation formation
  • higher risk of infection
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15
Q

proud flesh

A

excessive granulation tissue above skin edges
- too much of a good thing
- prohibits wound gealing

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16
Q

what are some causes of proud flesh

A
  • motion of wound
  • lack of blood supply
  • lack of surrounding soft tissue (tight)
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17
Q

how can proud flesh be prevented

A
  • immobilize the wound through bandages, casts, or splints
18
Q

how can proud flesh be treated

A
  • surgical method using scalpel to shave it off
  • topical steroid ointment to shrink down granulation tissue
  • chemicals that destroy granulation tissue and skin cells
19
Q

why are joint infections important to prevent

A

they are hard to treat
- cause arthritis
- can end an athletic career

20
Q

dehiscence

A
  • failing/breaking apart
  • use proper wound prep, remove excess tissue, and use proper aftercare (antibiotics and bandaging)
  • occurs because of wound factors
21
Q

what type of organisms causes tetanus

A
  • bacterial
  • clostridium tetani
22
Q

toxoid

A
  • active immunity
  • longer lasting
  • takes longer
  • vaccine
23
Q

antitoxin

A
  • preformed antibodies
  • passive
  • immediate
  • short term
24
Q

why is tetanus so important

A

horses are the most susceptible species

25
Q

vaccinated horses that sustain a wound > 6 months after last booster

A

treated by revaccination with toxoid

26
Q

non-vaccinated horses who sustain injury

A

treated with toxoid + antitoxin at 2 separate sites

27
Q

signs of tetanus

A
  • 3rd eyelid prolapsing
  • muscle paralysis
28
Q

delayed primary closure

A

closure prior to granulation tissue formation

29
Q

secondary closure

A

closure after formation of granulation tissue

30
Q

where are the easiest places to heal

A

anything above hock

31
Q

what are ways to see if a wound has entered a joint

A
  • radiographs
  • inject joint involved sterile fluid
  • ultrasound
32
Q

hemorrhage

A
  • arterial vs venous
  • amount of bleeding/blood loss
  • rapid vs slow bleeding
33
Q

how do you control hemorrhaging

A
  • apply direct pressure
  • ## clean packing
34
Q

signs of excessive bleeding

A
  • pale gum color
  • cool extremities
  • weak arterial pulse
  • increases heart and pulse rate
  • severe shock
35
Q

what are some important aspects to understand of hemorrhages

A
  • (0.8)(body wt)= volume of blood
  • rapid loss is more critical
  • 25-30% of blood volume can be lost in a 24 hour period
36
Q

what is a horses blood volume

A

36 liters

37
Q

what are some basics of wound treatment

A
  • examine and explore wound
  • protect wound with sterile gauze
  • apply K-Y jelly
  • scrub clipped area with antiseptic
  • rinse with saline
  • irrigate wound with saline
38
Q

lavage

A

irrigate

39
Q

what are you trying to determine with exploring the wound

A
  • depth
  • bone contact
  • foreign bodies
40
Q

what should you not apply to a wound

A

topical ointments or powder, along with rinsing with a garden hose

Equine Handling (10 decks)

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