Aging through teeth

Question 1

what is the general trend with incisors as horses age

Answer 1

usually get longer/elongate and get taller

Question 2

maxillary teeth

Answer 2

upper teeth

Question 3

mandibular teeth

Answer 3

lower teeth

Question 4

what are wolf teeth

Answer 4

vestigial structures

Question 5

canines

Answer 5

usually seen in males, not mares

Question 6

hypsodont

Answer 6

• teeth horses have
• continually erupting teeth

Question 7

what type of teeth do humans have

Answer 7

brachydont teeth

Question 8

reserved crowns

Answer 8

what is underneath gum line

Question 9

clinical crown

Answer 9

what you can see

Question 10

pulp

Answer 10

where blood and nerve supply come through

Question 11

what is the pulp cavity in incisors and canines

Answer 11

single pulp cavity

Question 12

cementum

Answer 12

covering/outer coating

Question 13

enamel

Answer 13

ridges that protrude to give hardness

Question 14

floating

Answer 14

to level and reduce height
- substance that comes off is cementum

Question 15

enamel spot

Answer 15

curve caudal to dental star
- as tooth wares down and cup is gone, you’ll see a sark spot on tooth that has a little bit of enamel

Question 16

what is the dental star remnants of

Answer 16

pupl cavity

Question 17

what is the pattern of anatomy incisor wear of teeth of cups

Answer 17

young- oval
9 to 10 years- round
16 to 17 years- triangular
20 years- oval again

Question 18

occlusal surface

Answer 18

teeth touch/grinding

Question 19

buccal surface

Answer 19

surface of teeth against the cheek

Question 20

lingual surface

Answer 20

surface of teeth against the tounge

Question 21

labial surface

Answer 21

surface of teeth against the lips
- primary incisor teeth

Question 22

deciduous teeth-incisors

Answer 22

• baby teeth
• smooth
• no ridges
• distinct neck
• rounded or triangular

Question 23

total number of deciduous teeth

Answer 23

12 on top
12 on bottom
24 total

Question 24

Di

Answer 24

deciduous incisor

Question 25

Dp

Answer 25

deciduous incisor

Question 26

deciduous dental formula

Answer 26

2(Di3/3 Dc0/0 Dp3/3 Dm0/0)=24

Question 27

Di 3/3

Answer 27

deciduous incisor 3 on top and 3 on bottom

Question 28

Dc 0/0

Answer 28

deciduous canines none

Question 29

Dp 3/3

Answer 29

deciduous premolar 3 on top and 3 on bottom

Question 30

Dm 0/0

Answer 30

deciduous molar none

Question 31

rule of 8’s

Answer 31

• for deciduous teeth
  1-8 days: i1 erupts
  4-8 weeks: i2 erupts
  6-8 months: i3 erupts
• no deciduous canines, molars, or wolf teeth

Question 32

what happens when a horse is about to erupt its permanent I1 teeth

Answer 32

root absorption

Question 33

in ware

Answer 33

2 permanent teeth erupt from gum line & are touching

Question 34

permanent incisors

Answer 34

• grooved
• less white
• not a distinct neck
• square in shape

Question 35

permanent dental formula

Answer 35

2(I3/3 C0-1/0-1 P3-4/3-4 M3/3)=26-44 total

Question 36

what does everything mean in the permanent dental formula

Answer 36

I: incisors 3 on top & 3 on bottom
C: canines between 0 and 1 top and bottom
P: pre molars 3 to 4 top and bottom
M: molars 3 on top and 3 on bottom

Question 37

numerical expression

Answer 37

• mouth laid out like map
• teeth numbered from mid line caudally
• first # is quadrant tooth is in and last #’s are location

Question 38

how long until teeth are in wear

Answer 38

erupt—>6 months—–>in wear

Question 39

enamel spot

Answer 39

appears after the cup has worn down to bottom

Question 40

dental star

Answer 40

appears when tooth is worn to pulp space
- appears on labial side of tooth

Question 41

what is the galvayne’s groove

Answer 41

• potential groove in tooth
• groove on lateral surface of upper I3’s
• get’s longer as tooth erupts

Question 42

how do you age based on the galvayne’s groove

Answer 42

upper I3
10 yrs- appears
15 yrs- 1/2 way down
20 yrs- all the way down
25 yrs- absent from upper 1/2
30 yrs- disappears

Question 43

what are the eruption times for permanent teeth

Answer 43

I1= 2 1/2 years
I2= 3 1/2 years
I3= 4 1/2 years

canines= 5 years

PM1= 6 months (wolf tooth)
PM2= 2 yrs
PM3= 3 yrs
PM4= 4 yrs
M1= 1 yr
M2= 2 yr
M3= 3 yr

Question 44

what is the name for an underbite and overbite

Answer 44

under= monkey jaw
over= parrot mouth

Question 45

what are some aging generalities

Answer 45

• eruption times of incisors up to 5 yrs
• look at upper I3’s shape
• wear of lower incisors/wear of upper incisors
• galvayne’s groove, incisor profile, and shape of occlusal surface

Question 46

steps to aging

Answer 46

1. look at incisor profile
2. determine number of deciduous & or permanent incisors
3. SHAPE OF UPPER I3’S- look for galvayne’s upper I3
4. examine occlusal surface of lower incisors (cups)

Question 47

aging up to 5 yrs

Answer 47

• eruption times of incisors is most reliable
• rule of 8’s if <2 1/2 yrs
• I1= 2 1/2 yrs
• I2= 3 1/2 yrs
• I3= 4 1/2 yrs
• in wear @ 5 years
• full mouth by 5 years

Question 48

full mouth

Answer 48

all permanent incisors present and in wear

Question 49

aging over 5 yrs

Answer 49

• shape of upper I3 teeth: wider vs taller= 5-9 yrs, square= 10-14 yrs, taller vs wider= 15-20 yrs
• LOWER: I1 cup= 6 yrs, I2 cup gone= 7 yrs, I3 cup gone= 8 yrs
• UPPER: I1 cup gone= 9 yrs, I2 cups gone= 10 yrs, I3 cup gone= 11 yrs

Question 50

smooth mouth

Answer 50

no more cups

Question 51

impacted

Answer 51

lack of eruption

Question 52

blind wolf teeth

Answer 52

wolf teeth have not and will not erupt