Aging through teeth Flashcards
what is the general trend with incisors as horses age
usually get longer/elongate and get taller
maxillary teeth
upper teeth
mandibular teeth
lower teeth
what are wolf teeth
vestigial structures
canines
usually seen in males, not mares
hypsodont
- teeth horses have
- continually erupting teeth
what type of teeth do humans have
brachydont teeth
reserved crowns
what is underneath gum line
clinical crown
what you can see
pulp
where blood and nerve supply come through
what is the pulp cavity in incisors and canines
single pulp cavity
cementum
covering/outer coating
enamel
ridges that protrude to give hardness
floating
to level and reduce height
- substance that comes off is cementum
enamel spot
curve caudal to dental star
- as tooth wares down and cup is gone, you’ll see a sark spot on tooth that has a little bit of enamel
what is the dental star remnants of
pupl cavity
what is the pattern of anatomy incisor wear of teeth of cups
young- oval
9 to 10 years- round
16 to 17 years- triangular
20 years- oval again
occlusal surface
teeth touch/grinding
buccal surface
surface of teeth against the cheek
lingual surface
surface of teeth against the tounge
labial surface
surface of teeth against the lips
- primary incisor teeth
deciduous teeth-incisors
- baby teeth
- smooth
- no ridges
- distinct neck
- rounded or triangular
total number of deciduous teeth
12 on top
12 on bottom
24 total
Di
deciduous incisor
Dp
deciduous incisor
deciduous dental formula
2(Di3/3 Dc0/0 Dp3/3 Dm0/0)=24
Di 3/3
deciduous incisor 3 on top and 3 on bottom
Dc 0/0
deciduous canines none
Dp 3/3
deciduous premolar 3 on top and 3 on bottom
Dm 0/0
deciduous molar none
rule of 8’s
- for deciduous teeth
1-8 days: i1 erupts
4-8 weeks: i2 erupts
6-8 months: i3 erupts - no deciduous canines, molars, or wolf teeth
what happens when a horse is about to erupt its permanent I1 teeth
root absorption
in ware
2 permanent teeth erupt from gum line & are touching
permanent incisors
- grooved
- less white
- not a distinct neck
- square in shape
permanent dental formula
2(I3/3 C0-1/0-1 P3-4/3-4 M3/3)=26-44 total
what does everything mean in the permanent dental formula
I: incisors 3 on top & 3 on bottom
C: canines between 0 and 1 top and bottom
P: pre molars 3 to 4 top and bottom
M: molars 3 on top and 3 on bottom
numerical expression
- mouth laid out like map
- teeth numbered from mid line caudally
- first # is quadrant tooth is in and last #’s are location
how long until teeth are in wear
erupt—>6 months—–>in wear
enamel spot
appears after the cup has worn down to bottom
dental star
appears when tooth is worn to pulp space
- appears on labial side of tooth
what is the galvayne’s groove
- potential groove in tooth
- groove on lateral surface of upper I3’s
- get’s longer as tooth erupts
how do you age based on the galvayne’s groove
upper I3
10 yrs- appears
15 yrs- 1/2 way down
20 yrs- all the way down
25 yrs- absent from upper 1/2
30 yrs- disappears
what are the eruption times for permanent teeth
I1= 2 1/2 years
I2= 3 1/2 years
I3= 4 1/2 years
canines= 5 years
PM1= 6 months (wolf tooth)
PM2= 2 yrs
PM3= 3 yrs
PM4= 4 yrs
M1= 1 yr
M2= 2 yr
M3= 3 yr
what is the name for an underbite and overbite
under= monkey jaw
over= parrot mouth
what are some aging generalities
- eruption times of incisors up to 5 yrs
- look at upper I3’s shape
- wear of lower incisors/wear of upper incisors
- galvayne’s groove, incisor profile, and shape of occlusal surface
steps to aging
- look at incisor profile
- determine number of deciduous & or permanent incisors
- SHAPE OF UPPER I3’S- look for galvayne’s upper I3
- examine occlusal surface of lower incisors (cups)
aging up to 5 yrs
- eruption times of incisors is most reliable
- rule of 8’s if <2 1/2 yrs
- I1= 2 1/2 yrs
- I2= 3 1/2 yrs
- I3= 4 1/2 yrs
- in wear @ 5 years
- full mouth by 5 years
full mouth
all permanent incisors present and in wear
aging over 5 yrs
- shape of upper I3 teeth: wider vs taller= 5-9 yrs, square= 10-14 yrs, taller vs wider= 15-20 yrs
- LOWER: I1 cup= 6 yrs, I2 cup gone= 7 yrs, I3 cup gone= 8 yrs
- UPPER: I1 cup gone= 9 yrs, I2 cups gone= 10 yrs, I3 cup gone= 11 yrs
smooth mouth
no more cups
impacted
lack of eruption
blind wolf teeth
wolf teeth have not and will not erupt
