First Aid

Question 1

First Aid

Answer 1

The care given to a person when
they suffer an injury or sudden
Illness.

Question 2

Benefits of first aid

Answer 2

It can mean the difference between
life and death.
quicker recovery time
Temporary vs. permanent disability

Question 3

Injuries

Answer 3

•The most important public health

problem.

Question 4

Injury statistics

Answer 4

2 million people per year are
hospitalized
142,500 deaths per year

Question 5

EMS

Answer 5

Emergency Medical System

911

Question 6

Good Samaritan law

Answer 6

> Protects you from liability as long as
the following are obeyed:
1.) Act in good faith
2.) Not reckless or negligent
3.) Show care
4.) Only provide care within your ability

Question 7

Emergency

Answer 7

An unforeseen event or condition that

requires prompt response

Question 8

3 step model for emergency response

Answer 8

•Step 1: Assess
-Survey the scene. Is the person
approachable? Life-threatening?
Breathing, circulation, bleeding…

Question 9

3 step model for emergency response part 2

Answer 9

Step 2: Alert

-Call EMS if necessary

Question 10

3 step model for emergency response part 3

Answer 10

Step 3: Attend
complete head-to-toe exam, provide
necessary care until EMS arrives.

Question 11

Unconscious assessment steps

Answer 11

1. ) Call EMS
2. ) Check airway
3. ) Check for breathing and circulation
4. ) Provide CPR
5. ) Control bleeding if necessary
6. ) Care for shock

Question 12

Conscious assessment steps

Answer 12

1. ) Introduce yourself, ask if you can help
2. ) Control bleeding if necessary
3. ) Head-to-toe exam
4. ) Provide first aid if appropriate
5. ) Care for shock
6. ) Call EMS if necessary

Question 13

When to call EMS

Answer 13

1. ) Victim is or becomes unconscious
2. ) Victim has chest pain or pressure
3. ) Victim has difficulty breathing
   4) Victim is bleeding severely
4. )Victim has pain or pressure in the abdomen
5. ) Victim is passing or vomiting blood
   7) Victim has slurred speech, severe headache or seizures
6. ) Victim has head, neck, or back injury
7. ) Victim has possible broken bones
8. ) Victim has been poisoned

Question 14

Triage

Answer 14

Process in which the first aid provider
prioritizes the injured victims (more than
one victim)

Question 15

Critical

Answer 15

Life threatening

Question 16

Serious

Answer 16

Not life threatening

Question 17

Walking wounded

Answer 17

Victims who are stable and can move

Question 18

Fatally injured

Answer 18

Dead

Question 19

Steps for head to toe exam

Answer 19

1.) Signs and symptoms:

       1. Check level of consciousnes
       2. Primary complaint? 
       3. Check vital signs

2.) Allergies: Ask victim about allergies to foods,medications, insects,
etc

•3.) Medications: Ask victim if they are taking
medications or under the influence of drugs

4.) Pre-Existing Medical History: Ask victim about
any medical conditions that relate to their current
problem

5.) last meal: ask victim what they last ate

6.) Events: Ask victim what led up to
illness/injury

Question 20

Reduce risk of infection steps

Answer 20

> 1.) Always place a barrier between you and
someone else’s body fluids (latex or vinyl alaves
› 2.) Cover all cuts, scrapes, hangnails, rashes, etc.
3.) Minimize the splashing of body fluids
›4.) Handle any sharp object with caution
›5.) Do not handle food, cigarettes, make-up, etc.
when around body fluids
6.) Ensure that body fluid spills are cleaned and the area is properly disinfected
7.) Wash hands or any exposed area immediately

Question 21

Bleeding emergencies

Answer 21

•Average adult holds 6 quarts of blood.
The rapid loss of one quart can lead to
shock/death

Question 22

Capillary bleeding

Answer 22

•The capillaries are the smallest and most
numerous blood vessels in the body.
(Slow bleeding/body clots)

Question 23

Venous bleeding

Answer 23

› Deep cut that opens veins. Flow is
steadv.
> You must control bleeding or it could be life-
threatening.

Question 24

Arterial bleeding

Answer 24

Opening in an artery, Results in the
most serious type of bleeding,
> Death can occur in one minute,

Question 25

Bleeding control sequence

Answer 25

1.) Direct pressure ›2.) Elevate 3 Pressure point

Question 26

Pressure bandage

Answer 26

›1.) Place sterile dressing › 2.) Wrap gauze around wound site › 3.) Tie knot directly over wound ›4.) Check for circulation below bandage

Question 27

Strains and sprains

Answer 27

> An injury to the body's musculoskeletal | system

Question 28

Types of muscles injuries

Answer 28

1.) muscle strain: occurs when the muscle is stretched beyond its normal range of motion, resulting in a tear >2.) Muscle Contusion: Results from a blow to a muscle. Also known as a bruise. »3.) Sprain: Occurs when a joint is twisted beyond its normal range.

Question 29

First Aid for strains contusions and sprains

Answer 29

R: Rest I: ice > C: Compress (use an elastic wrap to hold the ice in place) > E: Elevate (above heart level to control internal bleeding)

Question 30

Dislocations and fractures

Answer 30

``` Dislocations and Fractures > Dislocation: a bone that is out of place Fracture: A bone that is cracked or broken ```

Question 31

First aid for dislocations and fractures

Answer 31

``` Fil or Dislocations and Fractures * k: immobilize Area- Stop movement by using pillows, blankets, ete. • A: Activate ENS •C: Care for shock • T: Treat any additional secondary iniuries ```

Question 32

Shock

Answer 32

> A condition in which the body's circulatory system fails to deliver an adequate supply of blood to all parts of the bodv.

Question 33

Signs of shock

Answer 33

``` ›1.) Anxiety ›2.) Altered consciousness ›3.)Rapid breathing >4.) Rapid pulse rate ›5.) Pale, cool, moist skin >6.) Dazed look >7.) Weak >8.) Thirst >9.) Nausea ```

Question 34

Care for shock

Answer 34

Care Tor Shock ›1.) Keep victim lying down > 2.) Try to make the victim comfortable ›3.) Speak in a comforting tone >4.) Elevate legs 10-12 inches ›5.) Cover victim to maintain body temperature › 6.) Do not give victim anything to eat or drink >7.) Control any external bleeding >8.) Provide plenty of fresh air ›9.) If the victim is nauseous, place them on their side › 10.) Call EMS