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LT Promotion 24 > Fire Origin Ch7 > Flashcards

Fire Origin Ch7 Flashcards

1
Q

1) The term ___ can be defined as the sequence of events that allows the source of ignition and the fuel to come together

A

a. Fire cause

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2
Q

2) A competent ignition source must have the following 3 qualities-

A

a. Sufficient temp to ignite the first material
b. Sufficient heat energy transfer to result in the ignition of the first material
c. Sufficient time to transfer the required heat

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3
Q

3) Investigators may find a heat source that is recognizable such as an _____

A

a. Electric space heater

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4
Q

4) A heat source with _____ is then required to cause ignition of the vapors

A

a. Minimum ignition energy

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5
Q

5) ____ fuels require the least amount of energy for ignition because there is not energy required to ___ the fuels physical state before ignition

A

a. Gaseous, change

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6
Q

6) A flaming wood ember could reach temps of ______

A

a. 1880 F

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7
Q

7) A flaming ember lighting a wood shingle roof on fire would be a type of heat transfer of ______ and a method of ignition of ______

A

a. Convection, conduction

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8
Q

8) During welding a cutting with a gas torch ___ sides of the fire tetrahedron ____ and ____ are always present.

A

a. 2, heat, oxygen

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9
Q

9) NFPA 51B Standard for fire prevention during welding cutting and other hot work requires that an area of ____ ft around the operation be free of combustibles

A

a. 35

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10
Q

10) The potential for drops of solder to ignite combustibles is ____ as the melting temperature of the material is in the ____ to ____ range which is ___ the ignition temp of wood

A

a. Low, 275-350 F, below

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11
Q

11) Plumbers torch creates ignition potential from the ____ and ____ to nearby combustibles

A

a. Flame, conduction through the metal

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12
Q

12) With ignition from a gas or liquid fueled device do not move the ___, ____, and ____ or do anything to the unit that could be considered spoliation

A

a. Knobs, switches, valves

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13
Q

13) Heat from solid fuel powered equipment include ____ and ____ heating equipment, the ____ servicing those devices and ____ or ___ escaping from the device or chimney

A

a. Wood, coal, chimney, sparks, embers

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14
Q

14) Many appliance manufactures warn against the use of ignitable liquids to start fires in ___________, also using _____

A

a. Solid fuel powered appliances, the wrong fuel

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15
Q

15) The first responsibility on the examination of electrical wiring or equipment located near the area of origin is to determine if _____ at the time of the fire

A

a. They were energized

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16
Q

16) Inspect and document ____, ____, ____ or other electrical components such as ____ position and verifying that power was being supplied to the structure

A

a. Plugs, connections, switches, circuit breaker,

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17
Q

17) Do not unnecessarily change the position of ____, ____, or ____

A

a. Switches, circuit breakers, fuses

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18
Q

18) Shapes and patterns of damage that can occur vary dramatically depending upon the ____, ____, and _____ of different types of wire

A

a. Types, sizes, and compositions

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19
Q

19) A tightly _____ extension cord sitting on a chair could melt the insulation

A

a. Coiled

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20
Q

20) A ____ is an abnormal path of current in a circuit that normally leads to an overcurrent condition

A

a. Short circuit

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21
Q

21) _____ droplets cool quickly but ____ droplets burn as they travel through the air and have a greater ability to cause ignition

A

a. Copper, aluminum

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22
Q

22) Most droplets will only be capable of igniting fuel with a _____ or those already heated almost to the point of ignition

A

a. High surface to mass ratio

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23
Q

23) The most common cause of electrical fires is ___ of electrical equipment, the second most common is-

A

a. Abuse, poor electrical connections

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24
Q

24) The flow of current through a conductor normally produces heat from the resistance of the material used to form the conductor, called ____

A

a. Resistance heating

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25
Q

25) Partially melted screw heads, copper conductors melted under a wire nut, and eroded steel screw heads are not normal results of a fire environment T/F

A

T

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26
Q

26) Homeowners unfamiliar with ____ wiring may inadvertently buy replacement switches or receptacles for their home that are rated only for ____ conductors

A

a. Aluminum, copper

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27
Q

27) _____ and/or _____ in a branch circuit is to be expected as an approaching fire burns away the wiring insulation; a localized overtemperature condition at a receptacle connection is _____

A

a. Shorting, arcing, not normal

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28
Q

28) If the surface of an aluminum connector is exposed to air, a _____ forms

A

a. High-resistance oxide

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29
Q

29) ____ melts even at temperatures generated in a typical residential fire.

A

a. Aluminum

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30
Q

30) The investigator will have to rely on damage patterns to ____, ____, or other metal objects in evaluating the prefire connection quality

A

a. Screw heads, lug screws

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31
Q

31) An incandescent lightbulb can generate surface temperatures of up to ____

A

a. 500F

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32
Q

32) Quartz halogen bulbs generate surface temps of ___ and are a _____

A

a. 1650F, competent ignition source

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33
Q

33) Metal halide bulbs operate under high ___ and ____ , temps of ____

A

a. Pressure, temperature, 1832F

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34
Q

34) The fire investigator examining the point of origin of a fire suspected of being ignited by ____ or ___ should attempt to locate any of the remaining portions

A

a. Explosives or fireworks

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35
Q

35) Smoking materials including _____, _____, ____ and _____ are commonly found ignition sources.

A

a. Cigarettes, cigars, matches, lighters

36
Q

36) A cigarette ember can generate temps from ___ to ___ while free burning and temps of ___ while air is being drawn in.

A

a. 930 F to 1300 F, 1670 F

37
Q

37) A lit ____ placed on a combustible surface will typically only ___ the surface

A

a. Cigarette, scorch

38
Q

38) Time required for a cigarette to ignite upholstered furniture is dependent on ____ the ___ of the cigarette, and the ____ ignited

A

a. Ventilation, position, first fuel

39
Q

39) _____ cigarettes are designed to self-extinguish

A

a. Fire standard Compliant

40
Q

40) When candles are involved in the ignition the ___ remnants, ___ remnants, a ____, or _____ may be found at or near the point of origin.

A

a. Wax, wick, metal wick clip, broken remains of a glass candle holder

41
Q

41) Under normal circumstances heat from the ___ is not sufficient to cause ignition, but if focused….

A

a. Sun

42
Q

42) _____ is a processes through which an organic material increases in temp without an external source of heat energy.

A

a. Spontaneous heating

43
Q

43) The factors that influence whether or not self heating will result in ignition of combustibles-(3)

A

a. Rate of heat generation
b. Effects of ventilation
c. Insulation properties of the immediate surroundings

44
Q

44) ____ is a natural static discharge that is capable of delivering very high levels of electrical energy to localized areas

A

a. Lightning

45
Q

45) _____ is a term used to describe electricity that accumulates on the surface of an object

A

a. Static electricity

46
Q

46) The types of fuels that are most susceptible to ignition from static- (4)

A

a. Ignitable vapors
b. Ignitable gases
c. Combustible dusts
d. Solid fuels with high surface to mass ratio

47
Q

47) A key component in making a fire cause determination is identifying the ______

A

a. Material first ignited

48
Q

48) The first material must have 3 characteristics that parallel the characteristics of the ignition source-

A

a. Capable of being ignited by the heat energy of the ignition source
b. Close enough to the ignition source to receive energy transfer
c. Capable of absorbing and retaining sufficient heat energy transferred from the ignition source to begin the combustion process

49
Q

49) Surface to mass ratio, and orientation of the fuel are ?

A

a. Factors to consider when trying to identify fuel first ignited

50
Q

50) As a general rule ___ are the most difficult to ignite and ___ are the easiest, therefore the ___ in which a fuel exists just prior to the incident is relevant to the fire investigation

A

a. Solids, gasses, form

51
Q

51) When evaluating ignition sequences investigators may need to consider whether someone’s ____ or ___ was one of the events

A

a. Actions, omission

52
Q

52) Once the examination of a fire scene has been completed the investigation involves the _____, _____, and the _____ of the data with the ultimate objective of determining the fire origin and cause.

A

a. Examination, organization, analysis

53
Q

53) There are 4 generally accepted classifications of fire cause-

A

a. Accidental, natural, incendiary, undetermined

54
Q

54) Fires that do not involve a deliberate human act to ignite or spread fire into an area it should not be-

A

a. Accidental

55
Q

55) Fires, such as those caused by lightning, storms, or floods, where human intervention has not been involved in the ignition process-

A

a. Natural

56
Q

56) A fire deliberately set under circumstances in which the responsible party knows that the fire should not be ignited-

A

a. Incendiary

57
Q

57) This classification may be used as an interim classification as the fire investigation is proceeding, or it may be the final outcome if additional information is cannot be obtained that identifies the specific cause-

A

a. Undetermined

58
Q

58) A fire should not be classified as ___ simply because some of the indicators of an ____ fire are found at the scene

A

a. Incendiary

59
Q

59) Possible indicators of incendiary fire are – (4)

A

a. Multiple points of origin
b. Trailer
c. Incendiary devices
d. Ignitable liquid evidence

60
Q

60) ____ or ____ must be eliminated as possible explanations for multiple points of origin (for incendiary fires)

A

a. Lightning strikes, electrical failures

61
Q

61) Most ____ leave evidence of their existence, especially the ____ of electrical or mechanical devices.

A

a. Incendiary devices, metal parts

62
Q

62) Collected _____ foreign to a particular location is possible evidence of an incendiary fire

A

a. Ignitable liquid evidence

63
Q

63) Irregular floor patterns can be created by many factors other than ignitable liquids including ___ and concentrated fuel loads such as ____ and ____

A

a. Carpet, furniture and ventilation

64
Q

64) Identification of the ____ may provide assistance in the identification of the party responsible for setting of an incendiary fire

A

a. Motive

65
Q

65) The _________ should not be influenced be a potential motive

A

a. Origin and cause determination

66
Q

66) Analyzing elements of motive may help in identifying ______

A

a. Potential suspects

67
Q

67) Fires set because of personal or professional vendettas fall account for _____ percent of the total arson problem

A

50

68
Q

68) Revenge fires usually occur as a more _____ to some other incident

A

a. Impulsive reaction

69
Q

69) Normal targets of revenge fires are-

A

a. Vehicles, storage rooms, outbuildings, fences

70
Q

70) ____ are hardly used because the fire is not planned in advanced

A

a. Ignitable liquids

71
Q

71) _____ fires are usually set by ___ or more individuals for no apparent reason

A

a. Vandalism, 2

72
Q

72) _____ are prime targets and other common locations include _____ buildings, _____, and _____

A

a. Schools, vacant, trash containers, vegetation

73
Q

73) Fire setters motivated by ___ attempt to cause the most amount of damage in the least amount of time. For that reason ____ and _____ are common

A

a. Fraud, multiple fires, ignitable liquids

74
Q

74) The motivation for arson for profit may be quite ____ and as ____ as the imagination of the fire setter

A

a. Abstract, varied

75
Q

75) In addition to owners or insured parties the following individuals may set fires for economic gain – (5)

A

a. Competitors, contractors, insurance agents, persons wishing to devalue, firefighters for overtime/call out

76
Q

76) Arson used as a tool to destroy evidence of another crime is most generally associated with ____, ____, and ______.

A

a. Burglary, homicide, embezzlement

77
Q

77) Burglary is set to cover up ____ and is generally set with combustibles ____ and rarely involves _____

A

a. Evidence, on hand, ignitable liquids

78
Q

78) Homicide concealment fires often involve the use of ______ in an attempt to destroy the body and the evidence of the ____ and _____

A

a. Ignitable liquids, manner and cause of death

79
Q

79) Embezzlement fires are set to erase or destroy a _____, often the ____ itself is used as the fuel with ___ sometimes used to assist

A

a. Paper trail, paperwork, ignitable liquids

80
Q

80) Starting a fire for the sheer ____ of creating a fire scene provide some people with a feeling of ___ over society

A

a. Excitement, empowerment

81
Q

81) Examples of pattern development include any of the following- (5)

A

a. Dates and days of the week
b. Time of day
c. Type of structure
d. How the fire is set
e. Where the fire is set

82
Q

82) Arsonist who seek ___ or wish to be viewed as ____ may set and “discover” fires, it has been noted that some have been employed as ____, ____ and _____

A

a. Recognition, heroes, security guards, volunteer firefighters, reserve law enforcement officers

83
Q

83) Social protest by an individual or group may target a ____, an ___ or ___ group, or a ____ that operates in opposition to their cause

A

a. Government, ethnic or religious, facility

84
Q

84) Although the arsonist wishes his identity to remain unknown, it is important that the ___ or ____ be identified as the responsible party

A

a. Group or cause

85
Q

85) Simply stated ____ means a suspect was capable of setting the fire at the time and place where the fire was set or of procuring another individual to set the fire for them

A

a. Opportunity

86
Q

86) Establishing opportunity may require additional specialized personnel such as ____, _____, and _____

A

a. Law enforcement, crime scene investigators, forensic specialist

LT Promotion 24 (28 decks)

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