Fire Origin Ch6

Question 1

1) _____ is defined as the room or area where a fire began

Answer 1

a. Area of origin

Question 2

2) ______ is the exact physical location where a heat source and fuel came into contact with each other and fire begins

Answer 2

a. Point of origin

Question 3

3) Initial theories or hypotheses may be found to be incorrect when tested using sound ___ and ____ principles

Answer 3

a. Scientific, engineering

Question 4

4) A ____ approach is needed to evaluate the scene

Answer 4

a. Systematic

Question 5

5) Modern scientifically based fire origin and cause investigations shall follow a simple set of guidelines, collectively referred to as the ______

Answer 5

a. Scientific method

Question 6

6) Investigators should work from the area of _____ damage to the area of ___ damage

Answer 6

a. Least, most

Question 7

7) There are four basic steps in determining the area of origin:

Answer 7

a. Examine exterior
b. Examine interior
c. Interview
d. Analyze

Question 8

8) This examination of the structure should begin with the ____ of the structure and continue if possible completely around the entire incident scene including the _____

Answer 8

a. Exterior, roof

Question 9

9) Low points of burning should be examined because-

Answer 9

a. It could be a secondary ignition or an indicator of an exterior point of origin

Question 10

10) The goal of ______ is to determine fire spread from the fires area of origin

Answer 10

a. Analyzing fire patterns

Question 11

11) Patterns also provide information about how the fire ____ within the building after ignition and about the ___ involved during the progression of the fire

Answer 11

a. Traveled, fuels

Question 12

12) NFPA ____ describes ____ as the visible or measurable physical effects that remain after a fire

Answer 12

a. 921, fire patterns

Question 13

13) Fire patterns ___ and ____ during the progression of a fire.

Answer 13

a. Evolve, change

Question 14

14) _____ patterns are categorized according to their shape

Answer 14

a. Plume-generated

Question 15

15) When there is no apparent fuel package plume patterns may occur as a result of _____ in the ______

Answer 15

a. Combustion in the hot gas layer

Question 16

16) A ____ is one of the most commonly found patterns

Answer 16

a. V-shape

Question 17

17) Two factors contribute to the shape of the plume:

Answer 17

a. The distance of the fuel package from the vertical surface
b. The height of the ceiling or the closest intersecting horizontal surface

Question 18

18) The width of the V is a function of the _____ that creates the plume.

Answer 18

a. Flame zone

Question 19

19) ____ patterns are closely related to V-patterns.

Answer 19

a. U-shaped

Question 20

20) U-patterns appear when the fires flame zone is ___ from the vertical surface

Answer 20

a. Further away

Question 21

21) _____ are commonly found when fires burn immediately next to a vertical surface and the generated plume comes in contact with a horizontal surface that causes the hot gases to spread.

Answer 21

a. Hourglass

Question 22

23) The ____ of the circular shaped patterns should show more damage from the fire.

Answer 22

a. Center

Question 23

22) ____ appear on the undersides of horizontal surfaces such as ceilings or tables

Answer 23

a. Circular-shaped patterns

Question 24

24) When the fire in question is very small or has a low heat release rate an _____ pattern can be created if the fire is near a vertical surface or a wall

Answer 24

a. Inverted cone

Question 25

25) Fires involving fuel gases such as ___ or ____ can also create an inverted cone pattern

Answer 25

a. Propane, natural gas

Question 26

26) Many _____ patterns found are the result of the movement of air in the compartment or building during the fire

Answer 26

a. Ventilation-generated

Question 27

27) Ventilation-generated patterns are observed on and around _____ and ____ of compartments involved in fire

Answer 27

a. Doors, windows

Question 28

28) Anytime gas flows through a restricted opening its ____ is increased

Answer 28

a. Velocity

Question 29

29) The best way to interpret ____ patterns is to take into account the effects of all the fire-suppression activities that occurred at the scene

Answer 29

a. Suppression-generated

Question 30

30) _____ patterns are present in compartments that are usually heavily damaged from floor to ceiling

Answer 30

a. Full-room-involvement

Question 31

31) _____ patterns are found on noncombustible surfaces where there has been direct flame contact or intense radiant heat on the surface

Answer 31

a. Clean-burn

Question 32

32) ____ are often helpful in tracking the source and path of travel of flame and hot gases during the fire.

Answer 32

a. Pointers

Question 33

33) Dense materials such as wood flooring normally show sharper _____ than materials such as synthetic carpeting

Answer 33

a. Lines of demarcation

Question 34

34) When ignitable liquids are used to form a trailer on a porous surface responders may also observe a ____ effect at the edges of the pattern

Answer 34

a. Wicking

Question 35

35) A ____ pattern is formed when a pool of liquid is ignited on a floor surface

Answer 35

a. Doughnut-shaped

Question 36

36) ____ are most commonly found on the top edges of floor joist

Answer 36

a. Saddle burns

Question 37

37) While not actually a fire pattern, _____ in a structure may also assist in analysis of a fire

Answer 37

a. Protected areas

Question 38

38) A fuel loads _____ to walls and corners affects the patterns generated from its burning

Answer 38

a. Proximity

Question 39

39) -all of these change the observable burn damage used to determine the area of origin. (4)

Answer 39

a. Forced ventilation using building systems, fire suppression activities, broken windows, open or forced doors

Question 40

40) Fire investigators can use depth of ____ or depth of ____ analysis to determine where early fire patterns where before the room reached fully involvement

Answer 40

a. Char, calcination

Question 41

41) Full involvement rooms may also create patterns that are of ______ regarding the area of origin

Answer 41

a. No significance

Question 42

42) Fire patterns can indicate both ____ of the fire and the ____ of the fire.

Answer 42

a. Movement, intensity

Question 43

43) Movement patterns result from the application of ___, ____, and ____

Answer 43

a. Heat, flame, smoke

Question 44

44) A _____ and _____ produce intensity patterns

Answer 44

a. Fire plumes flame, hot gas zones

Question 45

45) Patterns tend to ____

Answer 45

a. Evolve

Question 46

46) Todays passenger vehicles may have additional fuel loads and _____ than older models

Answer 46

a. Competent ignition sources

Question 47

47) Additional fuels may be ____ and competent ignition sources may be- (5)

Answer 47

a. Plastics, satellite radio, DVD players, navigation systems, telephones, additional charging ports

Question 48

48) When examining the interior of a vehicle areas for examination can be further divided into separate compartments-

Answer 48

a. Engine compartment, cargo compartment, passenger compartment

Question 49

49) The ___ compartment can be further subdivided

Answer 49

a. Passenger

Question 50

50) Two methods of identifying the vehicle should be made-

Answer 50

a. Confirming the plate attached to the vehicle and the VIN

Question 51

51) VINs do not contain the letters _, _, and _. They may contain the numbers _ and _

Answer 51

a. I, O, Q, 1, 0

Question 52

52) A partial list of areas the VIN may be located (4)

Answer 52

a. Driver side dash, combustible label drivers door post, combustible label underside spare tire cover, stamped on the bulkhead engine compartment

Question 53

53) The _____ can be useful resource for specifically identifying the involved vehicle and providing confidential information on VINs

Answer 53

a. National Insurance Crime Bureau (NICB)

Question 54

54) Determining the vehicles rest angle may be conducted by examining such things as ______

Answer 54

a. Resolidified aluminum

Question 55

55) These fire patterns may appear as “ripples”-

Answer 55

a. Radial fire patterns

Question 56

56) Individual photographs should be taken of each ___ and ___ on the exterior of the vehicle

Answer 56

a. Panel, wheel

Question 57

57) Damage to the ___ portion of the windshield indicates fire spread from the engine to the passenger compartment

Answer 57

a. Lower

Question 58

58) The only difference in automobile fires and those in other vehicles is : (4)

Answer 58

a. Quantity of fuel and other ignitable liquids and gases
b. Presence of additional competent ignition sources
c. Composition of involves vehicle
d. Materials being transported

Question 59

59) The ultimate goal if fire investigation is to develop and test a ______

Answer 59

a. hypothesis

Question 60

60) As part of the analysis of fire damage _____ may be used to show the direction of heat if flame spread using arrows on a floor plan of the room or structure

Answer 60

a. Vector diagram

Question 61

61) Depth of char is not a reliable indicator of specific fire duration T/F?

Answer 61

T

Question 62

62) _____ can be measured in the same fashion as char to determine fire spread over gypsum wallboard.

Answer 62

a. Calcination

Question 63

63) ____ or ____ is a visual documentation of the path of electrical arcs at a scene

Answer 63

a. Arc survey, arc mapping

Question 64

64) Arcs are mapped based on damage left on conductors such as ____, _____, _____, or __

Answer 64

a. Appliance chords, wall conduits, outlets, junction boxes