Fire Dynamics

Question 1

What are the 3 states of matter?

Answer 1

1. Solid e.g. wood, coal, rubber
2. Liquid e.g. petrol, oil, paints
3. Gas e.g. methane, nitrogen, oxygen

Question 2

What are the 4 stages of combustion?

Answer 2

ISFH

1. Incipient Stage: Invisible products of combustion given off. No visible smoke, flame
2. Smouldering Stage: Combustion products now visible as smoke. Flame or
   appreciable heat is still not present.

3.Flame Stage: Actual fire now exists. Appreciable heat is still not present but follows heat producing almost instantaneously.

4. Heat Stage: Uncontrolled heat and rapidly expanding air now complete the dangerous
   combination. The considerable heat is transferred to the atmosphere and nearby
   matter.

Question 3

What are two flame types?

Answer 3

Diffused Flame - Yellow

Pre-Mixed flame - Blue

Question 4

Name 4 ways heat can be transferred via?

Answer 4

Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Direct Flame Impingement

Question 5

What are the 4 stages of compartment fire?

Answer 5

1 - Developing Stage
2 - Flashover Stage
3 - Fully Developed Stage
4 - Decay Stage

Question 6

What are some fuel controlled indicators?

Answer 6

Developing fire
High neutral plane
Better visibility
Bright yellow flame
Fully developed fire
Fire in decay stage

Question 7

What are some ventilation controlled indicators?

Answer 7

Fully developed fire
Low neutral plane
Poor visibility
Air being drawn back into the fire
Smoldering fire
Smoke pulsations out of openings

Question 8

Name 3 methods of extinguishment?

Answer 8

1- Direct
2 - Indirect
3- Gas Cooling

Question 9

Name 3 Extreme Fire Behaviours (EFB)?

Answer 9

Flashover
Backdraft
Fire Gas ignition

Question 10

What are 3 elements required for combustion?

Answer 10

Oxygen
Fuel
Heat

Question 11

What is the expansion rate for 1000L Water turning to Steam?

Answer 11

1000L (1m3) will expand to 1700m3. 1:1700 @ 100*C

If temp is raised to 450*C the Steam will be 1:3500